基于健康信念模型的北京市某三级甲等医院孕妇口腔卫生保健行为及影响因素的分析  

An investigation of oral health care behavior and influencing factors of pregnant women in a hospital in Beijing City based on health-belief model

作　　者：张志媛 郑丹萍[1] 王茜[1] 谢嫣[1] 王欣欣 万阔[2] 付晨薇[3] 霍晓鹏[4] Zhang Zhiyuan;Zheng Danping;Wang Qian;Xie Yan;Wang Xinxin;Wan Kuo;Fu Chenwei;Huo Xiaopeng(International Medical Services,Peking Union Medical College Hospital,Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences&Peking Union Medical College,Beijing 100730,China;Department of Stomatology,Peking Union Medical College Hospital,Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences&Peking Union Medical College,Beijing 100730,China;Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics,Peking Union Medical College Hospital,Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences&Peking Union Medical College,Beijing 100730,China;Nursing Department,Peking Union Medical College Hospital,Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences&Peking Union Medical College,Beijing 100730,China)

机构地区：[1]中国医学科学院北京协和医学院、北京协和医院国际医疗部,北京100730 [2]中国医学科学院北京协和医学院、北京协和医院口腔科,北京100730 [3]中国医学科学院北京协和医学院、北京协和医院妇产科,北京100730 [4]中国医学科学院北京协和医学院、北京协和医院护理部,北京100730

出　　处：《中华预防医学杂志》2024年第3期331-336,共6页Chinese Journal of Preventive Medicine

基　　金：中央高水平医院临床科研业务费资助(2022-PUMCH-B-130);北京协和医院2021年度护理科研基金(XHHLKY202112)。

摘　　要：目的:基于健康信念模型分析孕妇口腔卫生保健行为的影响因素。方法:采用横断面调查的方法,于2022年7至12月在北京协和医院驻点,对到院做产前检查的316名孕妇应用孕妇口腔卫生保健行为的健康信念问卷及自我效能量表进行调查。采用 t检验和 χ^(2)检验分析健康信念、自我效能等社会心理学因素对口腔保健行为的影响。 结果:纳入孕妇316名中,110(34.8%)名孕妇日常口腔保健行为不佳,120(38.1%)名的孕妇在孕前或孕期未行口腔检查。孕妇整体口腔保健的健康信念不高,得分为6.63+3.23、中位得分为7(5)。感知口腔疾病的易感性( OR=1.51,95% CI:1.026~2.213)、日常生活的自我效能( OR=2.64,95% CI:1.384~5.040)、口腔检查的自我效能( OR=1.74,95% CI:1.184~2.570)是孕妇日常口腔卫生保健行为的独立影响因素。健康动力( OR=2.47,95% CI:1.474~4.126)及口腔检查的自我效能( OR=4.17,95% CI:2.626~6.619)是孕妇孕前及孕期口腔检查行为的独立影响因素。 结论:孕妇口腔保健的健康信念特别是感知易感性、健康动力及自我效能与孕妇口腔卫生保健行为密切相关。切实提升孕妇口腔保健的健康信念及自我效能,避免潜在障碍,利于有效地推进孕妇口腔保健工作。ObjectiveAnalysis of the influencing factors of maternal oral health care behavior based on the health belief model.MethodsFrom July to December 2023,a cross-sectional survey was conducted in Peking Union Medical College Hospital on 316 pregnant women who received the health belief questionnaire and self-efficacy scale。t test and χ^(2) test were used to analyze the factors affecting the oral health care behavior of pregnant women from the perspective of social psychology.ResultsAmong the 316 pregnant women included,110(34.8%)had poor daily oral health care behavior,120(38.1%)did not have oral examination before or during pregnancy.The health beliefs of pregnant women in overall oral care were not high,with a score of 6.63+3.23,Median score is 7(5).Perceived susceptibility to oral diseases(OR=1.51,95%CI:1.026-2.213),self-efficacy of daily living(OR=2.64,95%CI:1.384-5.040),self-efficacy of oral examination(OR=1.74,95%CI:1.184-2.570)were independent factors of daily oral health care behavior in pregnant women.Health motivation(OR=2.47,95%CI:1.474-4.126)and self-efficacy of oral examination(OR=4.17,95%CI:2.626-6.619)were independent factors of oral examination behavior before and during pregnancy.ConclusionHealth beliefs of maternal oral health,especially perceived susceptibility,health motivation and self-efficacy are closely related to maternal oral health care behaviors.To improve the health belief and self-efficacy of pregnant women′s oral health care and avoid potential obstacles,which could be conducive to the effective promotion of oral health care for pregnant women.

关 键 词：孕妇 健康信念模型 口腔卫生 自我效能 

分 类 号：R780.1[医药卫生—口腔医学]