镉镍胁迫对3种草本植物种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响  

Effects of cadmium and nickel single and combined stress on the seed germination and seedling growth of three herbaceous plants

作　　者：王永吉 关正 解丽媛 赵茹霞 李伊凡 关正萍 张粉果 WANG Yongji;GUAN Zheng;XIE Liyuan;ZHAO Ruxia;LI Yifan;GUAN Zhengping;ZHANG Fenguo(School of Life Sciences,Shanxi Normal University,Taiyuan 030031,Shanxi,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100190,China;State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change,Institute of Botany,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100093,China;School of Food Science,Shanxi Normal University,Taiyuan 030031,Shanxi,China)

机构地区：[1]山西师范大学生命科学学院,山西太原030031 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100190 [3]中国科学院植物研究所植被与环境变化国家重点实验室,北京100093 [4]山西师范大学食品科学学院,山西太原030031

出　　处：《草业科学》2024年第3期599-610,共12页Pratacultural Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41801027、31700434);山西省基础研究计划项目(202203021211250、202203021211252);山西省留学回国人员科技活动择优资助项目(20230025、20230027);山西省回国留学人员科研资助项目(2023-110);山西师范大学研究生科技创新项目(2021XSY034)。

摘　　要：为评价和比较草本植物杂交狼尾草(Pennisetum americanum×P.purpureum)、黄花草木樨(Melilotus officinalis)和高羊茅(Festuca arundinacea)的耐镉镍特性,丰富镉镍污染土壤修复的物种库。本研究以3种草本植物种子为试验材料,通过种子萌发试验,研究不同质量浓度的镉镍单一及复合胁迫对3种草本植物种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响。结果表明:1)低浓度的镉镍单一及复合胁迫对3种植物具有促进作用。与对照组(仅添加蒸馏水)相比,3种草本植物在单一镉浓度为10 mg·L^(−1)时发芽率达到峰值,单一镍浓度为10 mg·L^(−1)时活力指数达到峰值,当镉镍复合胁迫浓度为10 mg·L^(−1)时杂交狼尾草的活力指数、高羊茅的发芽指数和黄花草木樨的总干重与对照组相比均显著增加(P<0.05)。2)随镉镍单一及复合浓度增加,3种草本植物的种子萌发和幼苗生长均受到抑制。当单一镉浓度为200 mg·L^(−1)、镍浓度为300 mg·L^(−1)以及两者复合胁迫时对3种植物生长抑制效果最显著(P<0.05),其中活力指数和根长的下降幅度最大。3)通过对3种草本植物耐镉镍胁迫能力进行隶属函数综合评价,表明3种植物对镉镍胁迫均具备一定耐受能力,其中杂交狼尾草的耐性最强,可选作镉镍污染土壤的种植植物。The aim of this study was to assess and compare the tolerance levels of three herbaceous plants,Pennisetum americanum×P.purpureum,Melilotus officinalis,and Festuca arundinacea,towards cadmium and nickel stress.The objective was to expand the range of species suitable for rehabilitating soils contaminated with these metals.Seed germination tests and seedling growth experiments were conducted using seeds obtained from these plants.The results indicated that the germination rate of the three plants was highest at a specific cadmium concentration of 10 mg·L^(−1) compared to the control group.Similarly,the vigor index reached its maximum value at a specific nickel concentration of 10 mg·L^(−1).When exposed to combined cadmium-nickel stress at a concentration of 10 mg·L^(−1),Pennisetum americanum×P.purpureum exhibited a significantly greater vigor index,F.arundinacea showed a increase in germination index,and M.officinalis demonstrated a increase in total dry weight compared to the control group.The germination and seedling growth of the three plants were hindered by increased levels of cadmium and nickel,both individually and in combination.The combined stressors of 200 mg·L^(−1) cadmium and 300 mg·L^(−1) nickel had the most significant inhibitory effects on plant growth,as indicated by decreased vigor index and root length.The study also evaluated the cadmium tolerance traits of the three plants and found that they all exhibited a certain level of tolerance to cadmium stress,with P.americanum×P.purpureum showing the highest tolerance.This suggests that P.americanum×P.purpureum have potential as remediation species in cadmium-contaminated soils.

关 键 词：重金属 复合胁迫 杂交狼尾草 高羊茅 黄花草木樨 隶属函数 综合评价 

分 类 号：X173[环境科学与工程—环境科学]