北方农牧交错区复种燕麦品种的筛选与评价  

Selection and evaluation of multiple cropping oats for suitable varieties in a farming–pastoral ecotone in northern China

作　　者：袁波 徐丽君[2] 赵雅茹 聂莹莹 杨敏 薛玮 吴欣珈 孟庆全 孟宪文 YUAN Bo;XU Lijun;ZHAO Yaru;NIE Yingying;YANG Min;XUE Wei;WU Xinjia;MENG Qingquan;MENG Xianwen(College of Resources and Environment,Qingdao Agricultural University,Qingdao 266109,Shandong,China;State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-arid Arable Land in Northern China/Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Hulunbuir Grassland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station,Beijing 100081,China;Inner Mongolia Zhengshi Ecological Agriculture(GrouP)Co.,Ltd.,Hohhot 010000,Inner Mongolia,China;Hulunbuir Agricultural Reclamation Teni River Farm Co.,Ltd.,Hulunbuir 021000,Inner Mongolia,China;Hulunbeier Agricultural Reclamation Shertara Farm Co.,Ltd,Hulunbuir 021000,Inner Mongolia,China)

机构地区：[1]青岛农业大学资源与环境学院,山东青岛266109 [2]北方干旱半干旱耕地高效利用全国重点实验室/中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所/内蒙古呼伦贝尔草原生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站,北京100081 [3]内蒙古正时生态农业(集团)有限公司,内蒙古呼和浩特010000 [4]呼伦贝尔农垦特泥河农牧场有限公司,内蒙古呼伦贝尔021000 [5]呼伦贝尔农垦谢尔塔拉农牧场有限公司,内蒙古呼伦贝尔021000

出　　处：《草业科学》2024年第3期652-663,共12页Pratacultural Science

基　　金：内蒙古自治区科技成果转化专项(2021CG0038);国家牧草产业技术体系项目(CARS-34-29)。

摘　　要：为筛选出适宜呼伦贝尔地区栽培的复种燕麦(Avena sativa)品种,从发芽特征、物候期、生产性能、茎叶比、生长速率和营养品质6个方面开展系统分析,本研究以综合产量和品质参数的灰色关联分析法确定选择的品种,筛选适应于试验区生产的品种资源。结果表明:‘燕麦品系3’发芽率、发芽势表现最好;不同燕麦品种生育期存在一定差异,‘燕麦品系1’与‘香燕8号’成熟性晚于其他试验品种;生产性能方面,‘香燕13号’株高、生长速率和干草产量表现最优,‘小燕麦’鲜草产量最高,‘香燕8号’的茎叶比最小,粗蛋白与饲料相对值表现最高,但产量最低。通过灰色关联统计分析进行综合评价,‘燕麦品系3’‘燕麦品系2’‘小燕麦’‘香燕13号’较适宜试验区作为复种燕麦品种进行栽培。通过燕麦复种,可以获取更高产量和优质的饲草,有利于缓解当地家畜冬季饲草匮乏和优质牧草短缺的畜牧业发展的瓶颈,对保障试验区畜牧业的健康发展和粮食安全具有重要意义。To select multiple oat varieties suitable for cultivation in the Hulunbuir region of China,we conducted a systematic analysis focusing on six aspects:Germination characteristics,phenological period,production performance,stem-to-leaf ratio,growth rate,and nutritional quality.To determine the selected varieties and screen the variety of resources suitable for production in experiments,we performed a grey correlation analysis of comprehensive yield and quality parameters.The results revealed that‘Oat line 3’was characterized by the best germination rate and germination potential.We identified certain differences in the growth periods of the different oat varieties.For example,‘Oat line 1’and‘Xiangyan No.8’matured later than the other assessed varieties.In terms of production performance,‘Xiangyan No.13’was found to have the best performance with respect to plant height,growth rate,and hay yield,whereas‘Xiaoyanmai’has the highest fresh grass yield,and‘Xiangyan No.8’has the lowest stem-to-leaf ratio,crude protein content,and relative feeding value,as well as the lowest yield.Comprehensive evaluation based on grey correlation statistical analysis revealed that‘Oat line 3’,‘Oat line 2’,‘Xiaoyanmai’,and‘Xiangyan No.13’are more suitable for cultivation as multiple oat varieties.By intercropping oats,higher yields,and high-quality forage can be obtained,which can overcome the bottleneck of shortages in local livestock winter forage and shortages of high-quality forage in the development of animal husbandry.These findings are of particular significance with respect to ensuring the healthy development of animal husbandry and food security in the experimental area.

关 键 词：北方农牧交错区 复种 燕麦 综合评价 品种筛选 生产性能 营养成分 

分 类 号：S544.9[农业科学—作物学]