宏基因组学分析深度处理阶段污水中细菌的赋存特征及其功能  

Metagenomics Reveals the Characteristics and Functions of Bacterial Community in the Advanced Wastewater Treatment Process

作　　者：胡健双 王燕[1] 周政 汪雅琴 王秉政 李激[1,2,3] HU Jian-shuang;WANG Yan;ZHOU Zheng;WANG Ya-qin;WANG Bing-zheng;LI Ji(School of Environmental and Civil Engineering,Jiangnan University,Wuxi 214122,China;Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology,Wuxi 214122,China;Jiangsu University Collaborative Innovation Center of Water Treatment Technology and Material,Suzhou 215009,China)

机构地区：[1]江南大学环境与土木工程学院,无锡214122 [2]江苏省厌氧生物技术重点实验室,无锡214122 [3]江苏高校水处理技术与材料协同创新中心,苏州215009

出　　处：《环境科学》2024年第4期2259-2267,共9页Environmental Science

基　　金：江南大学基本科研计划青年基金项目(JUSRP121057);江苏省自然科学基金青年项目(BK20221102);中国博士后科学基金项目(2022M711359);江苏省“双创博士”人才项目(JSSCBS20210834);江苏高校水处理技术与材料协同创新中心预研课题项目(XTCXSZ2020-2)。

摘　　要：为探究深度处理阶段污水中细菌的赋存特征及其功能,采集了污水深度处理阶段沿程各单元的进出水样品,并基于宏基因组学对污水中细菌的群落结构及功能进行了解析.结果表明,不同深度处理单元出水中细菌的多样性存在差异,臭氧接触池出水中细菌的多样性最低;相比夏季,冬季深度处理阶段污水中细菌的丰富度和多样性较低.不同季节深度处理阶段污水中的细菌群落结构变化较大,反硝化滤池出水中的细菌群落结构与其它样品存在较大差异;变形菌门(41.5%~71.0%)是深度处理阶段污水中的主要优势菌门,其次是拟杆菌门(3.8%~16.2%);反硝化滤池出水中主要菌属有脱氯单胞菌(4.1%~7.4%)、弓形杆菌(3.0%~8.3%)和不动杆菌(2.3%~3.0%).在深度处理阶段各工艺出水中共发现了29种与氮代谢有关的功能基因,并且在各工艺出水中均检测到了与反硝化有关的功能基因,如nosZ、napA、nirK和norB等,表明深度处理阶段污水中的细菌具有持续脱氮的潜力.糖苷转移酶和糖苷水解酶是深度处理阶段主要的碳水化合物活性酶,深度处理阶段污水中的细菌表现出了对多种有机物的降解潜力.In order to explore the occurrence characteristics and functions of bacteria in the sewage during the advanced treatment stage,the influent and effluent samples of various processes along the sewage during the advanced treatment stage were collected,and the community structure and functions of bacteria in the sewage were analyzed based on metagenomics.The results showed that there were differences in the diversity of bacteria in the effluent of different deep treatment processes,with the lowest diversity of bacteria in the effluent of the ozone contact tank.Compared to that during the summer,the richness and diversity of bacteria in sewage during the winter advanced treatment stage were lower.The bacterial community structure in the effluent of the denitrification filter was significantly different from that in other samples.Proteobacteria(41.5%-71.0%)was the main dominant phylum in the advanced treatment stage of wastewater,followed by Bacteroidetes(3.8%-16.2%).The main bacteria in the effluent of the denitrification filter were Dechloromonas(4.1%-7.4%),Toxoplasma(3.0%-8.3%),and Acinetobacter(2.3%-3.0%).A total of 29 functional genes related to nitrogen metabolism were found in the effluent of each process in the advanced treatment stage,and functional genes related to denitrification were detected in the effluent of each process,such as nosZ,napA,nirK,and norB,indicating that the bacteria in the sewage during the advanced treatment stage had the potential for continuous nitrogen removal.Glucoside transferases and glycoside hydrolases were the main carbohydrate active enzymes in the advanced treatment stage,and the bacteria in the wastewater during the advanced treatment stage exhibited the potential to degrade various organic compounds.

关 键 词：污水深度处理 宏基因组学 细菌群落 脱氮功能 KEGG基因数据库 CAZy数据库 

分 类 号：X172[环境科学与工程—环境科学]