生物炭与不同类型氮肥配施对菜地土壤反硝化细菌群落的影响  

Effects of Biochar Combined with Different Types of Nitrogen Fertilizers on Denitrification Bacteria Community in Vegetable Soil

作　　者：柳晓婉 刘杏认[1] 高尚洁 李贵春[1] LIU Xiao-wan;LIU Xing-ren;GAO Shang-jie;LI Gui-chun(Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100081,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所,北京100081

出　　处：《环境科学》2024年第4期2394-2405,共12页Environmental Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41773090)。

摘　　要：为了明确生物炭与不同类型氮肥(铵态氮肥和硝态氮肥)配施对土壤反硝化菌群落的影响,以北京顺义菜地土壤为研究对象,设置不施肥(CK)、单施(NH_(4))_(2)SO_(4)(N1)、(NH_(4))_(2)SO_(4)+生物炭[30 t·(hm^(2)·a)^(-1)](N1B)、单施KNO_(3)(N2)和KNO_(3)+生物炭[30 t·(hm^(2)·a)^(-1)](N2B)这5个处理,采集冬、春、夏这3个季节的土壤样品,利用高通量测序分析nar G型、nir K型、nir S型和nos Z型反硝化菌群落组成和多样性,探究其主要影响因子,明确生物炭与不同类型氮肥配施对土壤反硝化菌群落组成和多样性的影响.结果表明:(1)生物炭与两种类型氮肥配施均能够增加土壤矿质氮含量,与单施(NH_(4))_(2)SO_(4)相比,生物炭和(NH_(4))_(2)SO_(4)配施土壤NH_(4)^(+)-N含量增加了14.6%,NO_(3)^(-)-N含量增加了9.4%;与单施KNO_(3)相比,生物炭与KNO_(3)配施土壤NH_(4)^(+)-N含量增加了16.0%,NO_(3)^(-)-N含量增加了15.9%.(2)反硝化菌群落的优势门类在不同处理中均为变形菌门,其组成和优势菌属受生物炭和氮肥类型的影响.生物炭与(NH_(4))_(2)SO_(4)配施主要增加了α-、β-和γ-变形菌纲的相对丰度,占比前3的属分别为Acidiphilium、Sulfuricaulis和Klebsiella.生物炭与KNO_(3)配施主要增加了α-和β-变形菌纲的相对丰度,占比前3的属分别为Rhodopseudomonas、Microvirga和Methylobacterium.(3)生物炭与两种类型氮肥配施显著影响了土壤反硝化菌的群落组成和多样性,土壤p H值、NO_(3)^(-)-N、NH_(4)^(+)-N和土壤含水量(SWC)是影响土壤反硝化菌群落组成的主要环境因子.以上研究可为减少菜地土壤硝态氮积累和反硝化损失提供理论依据,同时也为优化农业肥料管理措施提供科学依据.To clarify the effects of biochar and different types of nitrogen fertilizers(ammonium and nitrate nitrogen fertilizers)on soil denitrifying bacterial communities,the treatments of no fertilizer(CK),(NH4)2SO(4 N1),(NH4)2SO4+biochar[30 t·(hm^(2)·a)^(−1)](N1B),single application of KNO(3 N2),and KNO_(3)+biochar[30 t·(hm^(2)·a)^(−1)](N2B)were applied to vegetable soils in Shunyi.Soil samples were collected in winter,spring,and summer,and the community composition and diversity of denitrifying bacteria of narG,nirK,nirS,and nosZ types were analyzed using high-throughput sequencing to investigate the main influencing factors and to clarify the effects of biochar and different types of nitrogen fertilizers on the community composition and diversity of soil denitrifying bacteria.The results showed that:①Biochar and both types of nitrogen fertilizers could increase soil mineral N content,and compared with that under(NH4)2SO4 alone,biochar and(NH4)2SO4 increased soil NH_(4)^(+)-N content by 14.6%and NO_(3)^(-)-N content by 9.4%.Compared with that under KNO_(3) alone,biochar and KNO_(3) increased soil NH_(4)^(+)-N content by 16.0%,and NO_(3)^(-)-N content increased by 15.9%.②The dominant phylum of the denitrifying bacterial community was Amoeba in all treatments,and its composition and dominant bacteria were affected by the application of biochar with both types of nitrogen fertilizers.The top three genera were Acidiphilium,Sulfuricaulis,and Klebsiella,respectively.The top three genera were Rhodopseudomonas,Microvirga,and Methylobacterium.③The application of biochar with two N fertilizers significantly affected the community composition and diversity of soil denitrifying bacteria,and soil pH,NO_(3)^(-)-N,NH_(4)^(+)-N,and soil water content(SWC)were the main environmental factors affecting the community composition of soil denitrifying bacteria.The above study can provide a theoretical basis for reducing nitrate N accumulation and denitrification losses in vegetable soils and also provide a scientific basis fo

关 键 词：生物炭 铵态氮 硝态氮 高通量测序 反硝化菌群落 

分 类 号：X172[环境科学与工程—环境科学]