创业生态系统健康性与新创企业创业绩效:基于泽国镇电商企业的实证研究  

Entrepreneurial Ecosystem Health and Entrepreneurial Performance of New Ventures:An Empirical Study Based on E-commerce Enterprises in Zeguo Township

作　　者：蔡小锦 刘庆全 杨小欢 施扬 CAI Xiaojin;LIU Qingquan;YANG Xiaohuan;SHI Yang(Ningbo University of Finance and Economics,New Economic Research Institute,Ningbo 315175,China;School of Management,Fudan University,Shanghai 200433,China;College of Business Administration,Shanghai Business School,Shanghai 200235,China;School of Business and Economics,Shanghai Business School,Shanghai 200235,China)

机构地区：[1]宁波财经学院新经济研究院,浙江宁波315175 [2]复旦大学管理学院,上海200433 [3]上海商学院工商管理学院,上海200235 [4]上海商学院商务经济学院,上海200235

出　　处：《科学学与科学技术管理》2024年第3期41-56,共16页Science of Science and Management of S.& T.

基　　金：上海市科学技术委员会软科学研究项目(18692102100);上海市浦江人才计划项目(2020PJC067)。

摘　　要：数字经济的蓬勃发展正在有力地推动着乡村的全面振兴,淘宝村、淘宝镇的涌现正是其重要体现,农村电商创业生态系统与新创企业之间的影响机制也因此成为一个关键问题。尽管现有文献已经探讨了创业生态系统的组成要素和关键参与者,但是在解释创业生态系统的竞争力和系统中新创企业绩效方面仍显不足。许多研究都强调了生态系统的健康性在创业生态系统持续发展过程中发挥的关键作用,它会影响所有生态系统参与者的命运。创业生态系统内资源相对稀缺,通过创业拼凑的方式是新创企业取得发展的有效途径之一。从微观的企业视角出发,在分析理解创业生态系统理论和创业拼凑理论的基础上,依据“环境感知—行为—结果”的研究逻辑,构建“创业生态系统健康性—创业拼凑—新创企业创业绩效”的理论模型,采用问卷调查方法,以泽国镇农村电商创业生态系统中的电商企业为研究对象,采用统计分析软件SPSS 22.0和AMOS 24.0对收集的605家电商企业的样本数据进行信效度检验,并构建结构方程模型,对假设进行检验,实证结果显示:(1)创业生态系统中生态稳定性和生态多样性对新创企业创业绩效具有正向影响;(2)创业拼凑对新创企业创业绩效具有正向影响;(3)创业生态系统中生态活力和生态多样性对创业拼凑具有正向影响;(4)创业拼凑在生态活力与新创企业创业绩效间发挥中介作用,在生态多样性与新创企业创业绩效间发挥中介作用,但是在生态稳定性与新创企业创业绩效间的中介作用不显著。研究结论对于新创企业在创业过程中如何从创业生态系统健康性的角度出发,运用创业拼凑策略,克服新创企业面临的“新生弱性”,从而获得生存与发展,具有一定的启示作用。新创企业应在创业生态系统中关注生态多样性、生态活力等因素,以充分利用现有资�In recent years,the flourishing development of the digital economy has been effectively promoting the com-prehensive revitalization of rural areas.The emergence of Taobao villages and Taobao towns is an important manifestation of this.Therefore,the impact mechanism between the rural e-commerce entrepreneurial ecosystem and new ventures has be-come akey issue.The entrepreneurial ecosystem is an interactive system composed of entrepreneurial entities and their surrounding envi-ronment.The entrepreneurial ecosystem has characteristics such as multi-level hierarchy,diversity,interactive symbiosis,and dynamic evolution.According to the multi-level hierarchy of the entrepreneurial ecosystem,it can be divided into three levels:micro,meso,and macro levels,with the micro level referring to the entrepreneurial ecosystem explored from the per-spective of enterprises.Based on the multi-level and complex nature of the entrepreneurial ecosystem,focusing on the small-er but representative micro-level entrepreneurial ecosystem is a method to deal with the complexity of the entrepreneurial ecosystem and has more representative significance for new ventures.Although existing literature has explored the constitu-ent elements and key participants of the entrepreneurial ecosystem,it still falls short in explaining the competitiveness of the entrepreneurial ecosystem and the performance of new ventures within it.More and more studies point out the crucial role of ecosystem health in the sustainable development process of the system,and the premise for the ecosystem to play a role in re-source allocation is that the system is healthy.Due to the insufficient initial endowment and relatively scarce resources of new ventures,they mostly achieve development through entrepreneurial bricolage.The entrepreneurial ecosystem can pro-vide new ventures with more abundant entrepreneurial opportunities and resources.New ventures can use the ecosystem to solve resource bottlenecks and legitimacy gaps,and enhance their competitiveness and performance

关 键 词：农村电商 创业生态系统 生态系统健康性 创业拼凑 创业绩效 

分 类 号：F273.1[经济管理—企业管理]