胜金口7号佛寺伎乐童子图像抱持乐器考辨  

Examination of the Images of A Young Musician Holding Musical Instruments at Shengjinkou No.7 Buddhist Temple

作　　者：温和 Wen He

机构地区：[1]中国美术学院艺术人文学院 [2]浙江音乐学院,杭州200031

出　　处：《音乐文化研究》2024年第1期17-29,共13页Music Culture Studies

摘　　要：德国探险队第二次吐鲁番考察时,在胜金口7号佛寺获得一持花菩萨的壁画图像,图像中随侍的伎乐童子所抱持乐器由于其音柱制度之特殊,对琵琶乐器发展历史的研究具有极珍贵的价值。然而由于画工对琴轸部分的省略,导致这件乐器在1913年壁画图像公之于世时,被剥取者勒柯克(AlbertvonLeCoq)错误地鉴定为中亚的近古乐器dutar(都塔尔)。通过乐器发展历史的追溯,对勒柯克的误判予以证伪,并结合乐器学及音乐史的分析,指出壁画所描绘的乐器形象属于中古时期短颈品柱类鲁特(short-neckedfretted lute)——中国所称琵琶——的一种,其“真相”为中国五代时期前后的直项五弦琵琶。During the second expedition to Turpan,a German expedition obtained a mural image of a flowercarrying Bodhisattva in Shengjinkou No.7 Buddhist temple.The musical instrument held by the young musician in the image is extremely valuable for the study of the the pipa due to its special fret design.Due to the omission of the string holes in the image,the instrument was incorrectly identified as a Central Asian dutar by Albert von Le Coq when the image was released to the public in 1913.This article disproves Le Coq’s misidentification by tracing the history of the instrument,and combining it with organology and music history.It points out that the instrument depicted in the image belongs to the Medieval short-necked fretted lute-known as pipa in China,a straight five-stringed lute from around the Five Dynasties period in China.

关 键 词：勒柯克 五弦琵琶 孤柱 火不思 都塔尔 胜金口佛寺 

分 类 号：J609.2[艺术—音乐]