基于FPGA的无人机非平稳信道动态模拟研究  

Research on Dynamic Emulation of Non-Stationary Channel of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles Based on FPGA

作　　者：房胜 毛开 王满喜 华博宇 宋茂忠[1] 朱秋明[1] Fang Sheng;Mao Kai;Wang Manxi;Hua Boyu;Song Maozhong;Zhu Qiuming(Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,Nanjing 211106,China;State Key Laboratory of Complex Electromagnetic Environment Effects on Electronics and Information System,Luoyang 471003,China)

机构地区：[1]南京航空航天大学,南京211106 [2]电子信息系统复杂电磁环境效应国家重点实验室,河南洛阳471003

出　　处：《航空兵器》2024年第1期89-96,共8页Aero Weaponry

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(62271250);江苏省自然科学基金项目(BK20211182);江苏省重点研发计划(产业前瞻与关键核心技术)(BE2022067,BE2022067-3);东南大学移动通信国家重点实验室开放研究基金课题(2022D04);实验技术研究与开发项目(SYJS202304Z)。

摘　　要：针对无人机高速移动导致的信道状态快速时变以及多普勒频率起伏大的特点,本文基于现场可编程门阵列平台设计了无人机非平稳信道模拟方案。该方案采用调频谐波叠加方法产生非平稳信道衰落,并提出了一种信道参数实时产生算法,提高了信道模拟的实时性,保证了信道状态的实时更新。同时,针对多普勒频率起伏大导致的功率随机波动问题,本文设计了一种自适应功率均衡模块,使得输出功率最大波动仅为1.13%,保证了衰落功率的稳定性。最后,硬件消耗资源结果表明,相较于复播方案以及预存式方案,本文方案对存储资源的消耗分别降低了52.44%和9.31%,更适合长时间无人机非平稳信道衰落的模拟。同时,实测分析结果表明,相较于未均衡的模拟方案,本文硬件模拟方案输出的信道特性如路径损耗和多普勒功率谱密度与理论结果更加吻合,可用于无人机通信系统的设计、优化等领域。Considering the rapid time-varying channel conditions and large Doppler frequency fluctuations caused by high-speed movement of unmanned aerial vehicles,this paper proposes a non-stationary channel emulation scheme for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles(UAVs)using a field-programmable gate array platform.The proposed scheme adopts the sum of frequency modulation method to generate non-stationary channel fading and proposes a real-time algorithm for generating channel parameters to improve the real-time performance of channel emulation and ensure the real-time updating of channel status.In addition,to address the issue of power random fluctuation caused by large Doppler frequency fluctuations,this paper designs an adaptive power equalization module that ensures the stability of fading power by limiting the maximum fluctuation to only 1.13%.Finally,the results of hardware resource consumption analysis demonstrate that the proposed approach in this study significantly reduces the utilization of storage resources compared to replay-based and pre-stored solutions,with reductions of 52.44% and 9.31%,respectively.This makes the proposed approach well-suited for simulating long-duration non-stationary channel fading in UAV scenarios.Additionally,the measured analysis results demon-strate that the channel characteristics output by the proposed hardware emulation scheme,such as path loss and Doppler power spectrum density,closely align with theoretical results when compared to the emulation scheme without the equalizer.This research can be applied to the design and optimization of UAVs communication systems.

关 键 词：无人机 非平稳信道 信道模拟 现场可编程门阵列 路径损耗 动态场景 

分 类 号：TJ760[兵器科学与技术—武器系统与运用工程]