高体分铝基复合材料无压浸渗近净形制备  

Near-net-shape Preparation of High Volume Fraction Aluminum-matrix Composite by Pressureless Infiltration

作　　者：曹雷刚 黄磊 朱明雨 杨越 刘园 崔岩 CAO Leigang;HUANG Lei;ZHU Mingyu;YANG Yue;LIU Yuan;CUI Yan(School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering,North China University of Technology,Beijing 100144,China)

机构地区：[1]北方工业大学机械与材料工程学院,北京100144

出　　处：《精密成形工程》2024年第4期28-35,共8页Journal of Netshape Forming Engineering

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2022YFB3707402)。

摘　　要：目的研究高体分铝基复合材料无压浸渗近净形制备的可行性,分析近净形复合材料的微观组织和力学性能。方法分别采用74μm的碳化硅颗粒和5%(质量分数)的聚乙烯醇溶液作为增强相和黏结剂,通过模具冷压获得立方体陶瓷生坯,经干燥后加工成异形预制体,再经高温烧结脱胶处理,采用无压浸渗法制备高体分铝基复合材料近净形样品,并采用颗粒自然堆积方案制备复合材料对比样品。采用扫描电子显微镜、三点弯曲测试等手段对比分析复合材料的微观组织、力学性能和断口形貌。结果基于无压浸渗法成功制备出具有特定外形结构的铝基复合材料,复合材料密度为2.93 g/cm^(3),弯曲强度为327 MPa,弹性模量为205 GPa,可达到自然堆积型复合材料弯曲强度的86.7%。碳化硅颗粒均为脆性解理断裂,说明颗粒和基体合金结合良好。结论采用模压和烧结通用方法制备的异形陶瓷预制体可以实现特定外形结构铝基复合材料的无压浸渗近净形制备,近净形复合材料的弯曲强度可满足电子元器件的性能要求。The work aims to study the feasibility of near-net-shape preparation of high volume fraction(HVF)aluminum-matrix composite based on pressureless infiltration method and analyze the microstructure and mechanical properties of the near-net-shape composite.SiC particles with average diameter of 74μm and 5 wt.%polyvinyl alcohol solution were selected as reinforcement and adhesion agent to prepare SiC green bodies by cold-pressing in conventional molds.SiC green body was dried,processed into irregular-shape preform and then sintered at high temperature.The near-net-shape HVF SiC_(p)/Al composite was fabricated by pressureless infiltration process.The particle natural-packed HVF SiC_(p)/Al composite was also fabricated as the control sample.The microstructure,mechanical properties and fracture morphology of the composite were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy and three-point bending test.Aluminum-matrix composite with specific shape was successfully prepared based on pressureless infiltration method.The density,flexural strength and elastic modulus of the near-net-shape composite were measured to be 2.93 g/cm^(3),320 MPa and 205 GPa,respectively.The flexural strength could reach 86.7%of that of the particle-natural-packed composite.All of the SiC particles presented brittle cleavage mode,indicating the good bonding between particles and matrix alloy.Near-net-shape preparation of aluminum-matrix composite with specific shape can be achieved based on pressureless infiltration with the irregular-shape ceramic perform prepared by the general mould pressing and sintering methods.The flexural strength of the near-net-shape composite can meet the property requirements of electronic components.

关 键 词：碳化硅 铝基复合材料 近净形制备 无压浸渗 力学性能 

分 类 号：TG148[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]