公共政策社会影响评估的价值观变革与方法论创新  

Value Transformation and Methodological Innovation in Social Impact Assessment of Public Policies

作　　者：陈琛 施国庆[2] Chen Chen;Shi Guoqing

机构地区：[1]中国海洋大学国际事务与公共管理学院 [2]河海大学公共管理学院

出　　处：《江苏社会科学》2024年第2期103-111,I0004,共10页Jiangsu Social Sciences

基　　金：山东省教育科学“十四五”规划青年重点课题“基于大学社会责任的课程思政‘校地融合模式’研究”(2021QZD010)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：党的十八大以来,党中央高度重视科学决策、民主决策,公共政策评估研究和实践进入快速发展阶段。自第四代评估的概念提出之后,公共政策的外溢效应评估即社会影响评估在国际上呈现三种发展趋势:建构主义、民主协商与伦理约束。从价值观视角剖析,三者体现为科学主义与实证主义反思所引领的本体论与认识论的变革;从方法论视角审视,三者体现为多元主体治理与解释学辩证所代表的创新趋势。新趋势是科学化与民主化两种倾向博弈的结果,具体表现为经过管理学派与参与学派近二十年来的争论,后者逐渐取代前者成为主流。对我国而言,社会影响评估理论的引介既符合关口前移的风险治理思路,也从公众参与视角丰富了社会治理的工具箱,有助于提高我国决策的民主性和科学性。importance to scientific and democratic decision-making,ushering in a period of rapid development for research and practice in public policy evaluation.Following the conceptualization of the fourth generation of evaluation,three international trends have emerged in the spillover effect evaluation,namely the social impact assessment,of public policies:constructivism,democratic consultation,and ethical constraints.From a value perspective,these trends reflect an ontological and epistemological transformation led by the reflection on scientism and positivism;from a methodological perspective,they represent innovative trends of pluralistic governance and hermeneutic dialectics.The new trends result from the interplay between scientific and democratic tendencies,manifested through nearly two decades of debate between the managerial and participatory schools,with the latter gradually replacing the former as the mainstream.For China,the introduction of social impact assessment theory not only aligns with the risk governance approach of advancing defenses,but also enriches the toolkit of social governance from the perspective of public participation,helping to enhance the democracy and scientific nature of China's decision-making.

关 键 词：政策评估 社会影响评估 建构主义 社会责任 社会风险 

分 类 号：D63[政治法律—政治学]