高速铁路动车组主断路器转换阀射流噪声模拟分析及其降噪措施  

Simulation Analysis of Jet Noise from High-speed Railway EMU Main Circuit Breaker Switching Valve and Noise Reduction Measures

作　　者：张超[1] 姜赞 王俊峰 刘郑森 王俊勇[1] ZHANG Chao;JIANG Zan;WANG Junfeng;LIU Zhengsen;WANG Junyong(School of Mechanical Engineering,Southwest Jiaotong University,610031,Chengdu,China;Beijing CRRC CED Railway Electric Tech.Co.,Ltd.,100176,Beijing,China)

机构地区：[1]西南交通大学机械工程学院,成都610031 [2]北京中车赛德铁道电气科技有限公司,北京100176

出　　处：《城市轨道交通研究》2024年第4期90-94,99,共6页Urban Mass Transit

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFB1200401-102B)

摘　　要：[目的]高速铁路动车组主断路器转换阀的射流噪声非常高,严重影响了旅客的乘坐舒适性,因此有必要研究有效的降噪措施。[方法]进行了转换阀射流噪声的现场试验,测得其噪声高达96 dB,且呈现明显的间歇性与脉冲性。采用大涡模拟方法建立了转换阀射流噪声仿真数学模型,选取四种不同形状的喷口,计算得到了这四种喷口的流场速度云图。将射流流场计算结果导入LMS.Virtual.Lab软件,采用声学边界元方法模拟计算这四种喷口的射流声场,并将计算得到的四种喷口1/3倍频程频谱的模拟值与试验实测值进行对比。选取了既有的四种工业消声器,以及研发的新型结构复合材料消声器,对转换阀的降噪效果进行测试。[结果及结论]转换阀因断开主断路器而产生射流噪声。转换阀射流噪声与排气口形状密切相关,射流噪声为中高频噪声。五种消声器均能显著降低转换阀射流噪声,新型结构复合材料消声器的降噪效果最好,其降噪量可达20 dB。[Objective]The jet noise generated by the main circuit breaker switching valve of high-speed railway EMU is excessively high,which seriously affects passenger comfort.Therefore,it is essential to study effective noise reduction measures.[Method]Field experiments are conducted to measure the jet noise of the switching valve,revealing a noise level as high as 96 dB with noticeable intermittency and pulsation.Using LES(large eddy simulation),a mathematical model for simulating the jet noise of the switching valve is established.Four different nozzle shapes are selected,and their flow velocity distribution nephograms are computed.The calculated jet flow results are imported into LMS.Virtual.Lab software,and the acoustic boundary element method is employed to simulate the jet noise fields of the four nozzles.The simulated 1/3-octave frequency spectrum values for them are compared with experimentally measured values.Finally,four existing industrial mufflers and a developed new structural composite material muffler are selected and tested for their noise reduction effectiveness on the switching valve.[Result&Conclusion]Generated by main circuit breaker disconnection,the jet noise of the switching valve is closely related to the shape of the exhaust port and falls into the mid-to-high-frequency noise range.All five mufflers can significantly reduce the jet noise from the switching valve,with the new structural composite material muffler demonstrating the best noise reduction effect,achieving a reduction of up to 20 dB.

关 键 词：高速铁路 动车组 主断路器 转换阀 射流噪声 降噪措施 

分 类 号：U266[机械工程—车辆工程] TB5332[交通运输工程—载运工具运用工程]