模压工艺对亚麻/丙纶纤维复合材料的性能及二氧化碳排放量的影响  

Effect of Molding Process on Properties of Flax/Polypropylene Fiber Composites and Carbon Dioxide Emission

作　　者：麦成猛 蒋政 余斌斌 黄湘琦 文哲 龙雪彬 熊一鸣 武晓 MAI Chengmeng;JIANG Zheng;YU Binbin;HUANG Xiangqi;WEN Zhe;LONG Xuebin;XIONG Yiming;WU Xiao(SAIC GM Wuling Automobile Co.,Ltd.,Liuzhou 545007,China;Guizhou Materrials Industry Technology Research Institute,Guiyang 550014,China)

机构地区：[1]上汽通用五菱汽车股份有限公司,广西柳州545007 [2]贵州省材料产业技术研究院,贵州贵阳550014

出　　处：《塑料工业》2024年第3期152-159,共8页China Plastics Industry

基　　金：贵州省科技支撑计划项目-黔科合支撑[(2022)一般060];黔科合平台人才[(2020)6023];黔科合中引地[(2023)035];贵州省科技计划项目黔科合服企[(2021)9号];贵州省科技创新人才团队[黔科合平合人才-CXTD(2023)012]。

摘　　要：亚麻纤维和丙纶纤维经过混纺、梳理、铺网、针刺、模压工艺制得亚麻/丙纶复合材料。本文研究了不同前处理温度和模压压力的亚麻/丙纶复合材料的微观形貌、拉伸性能、弯曲性能以及动态热机械性能变化,并以此数据为基础,分别以亚麻纤维/丙纶纤维复合材料、20%质量分数的矿物填充聚丙烯材料制备某车型的汽车门板零件,对比分析了两种不同工艺,制备同一零件的质量及二氧化碳排放量。结果表明,提高前处理温度和模压压力,可以提高树脂对纤维的浸润和包裹力,减少孔隙,但温度过高或压力过大,会出现滑动释压、结构坍塌现象,破坏纤维网络结构;随着前处理温度的增加,复合材料拉伸强度呈先升高后降低趋势,在210℃时达到最大值29.7 MPa,弯曲模量和弯曲强度均呈上升的趋势;随模压压力的增加,复合材料的拉伸强度先增加后降低,断裂伸长率逐渐下降,弯曲强度呈下降的趋势,弯曲模量先升高后降低,在22 MPa时弯曲模量达到最大值2839 MPa;与传统的20%质量分数滑石粉增强的聚丙烯材料(PP-TD20)注塑成型工艺比较,亚麻/丙纶纤维复合材料模压成型工艺制备的零件刚性更好,二氧化碳排放量降低35.2%。Flax fiber and polypropylene fiber were blended,carded,laid,needled and moulded to produce flax/polypropylene fiber composites.In this paper,the changes of microstructures,tensile properties,bending properties and dynamic thermo-mechanical properties of flax/polypropylene fiber composites at different pretreatment temperatures and moulded pressures were studied.Based on these data,the automobile door panel parts of a certain model were respectively prepared by the flax fiber/polypropylene fiber composite material and the polypropylene material filled with a 20%-mass-fraction mineral.The quality and carbon dioxide emission of the same part were compared and analyzed in two different processes.The results show that increasing the pretreatment temperature and molding pressure can improve the infiltration and encapsulation force of the resin to the fiber and reduce the porosity,but the overhigh temperature or pressure will cause the sliding pressure release and structure collapse,damaging the fiber network structures.With the increase of pretreatment temperature,the tensile strength of the composite material firstly increases and then decreases.Its reaches the maximum value of 29.7 MPa at 210℃.Both the bending modulus and bending strength show increasing trends.With the increase of molding pressure,the tensile strength of the composite increases first and then decreases,the elongation at break decreases gradually,the bending strength shows a downward trend,the bending modulus increases first and then decreases,reaching the maximum value of 2839 MPa at 22 MPa.Compared with the products from the traditional injection molding process of polypropylene material(PP-TD20)reinforced by the 20%-mass-fraction talcum powders,the parts from the molding process of flax/polypropylene fiber composite material have higher rigidity and the carbon dioxide emissions are reduced by 35.2%.

关 键 词：亚麻/丙纶复合材料 模压成型工艺 微观结构 力学性能 二氧化碳排放量 

分 类 号：TQ325.14[化学工程—合成树脂塑料工业]