硅烷偶联剂对低含量碱式硫酸镁晶须/聚丙烯复合材料的结晶行为及力学性能的影响  

Effect of Silane Coupling Agents on Crystallization Behaviors and Mechanical Properties of Low-Content Basic Magnesium Sulfate Whisker/Polypropylene Composites

作　　者：明星星 秦舒浩 龙雪彬 武晓 熊一鸣 邓庆鑫 刘世新 MING Xingxing;QIN Shuhao;LONG Xuebin;WU Xiao;XIONG Yiming;DENG Qingxin;LIU Shixin(Chongqing Changan Automobile Co.,Ltd.,Chongqing 400021,China;Guizhou Materials Industry Technology Reaearch Institute,Guiyang 550014,China;Guizhou Qianxin Auto Parts Manufacturing Technology Co.,Ltd.,Qiannan Buyi and Miao Autonomous Prefecture 550601,China)

机构地区：[1]重庆长安汽车股份有限公司,重庆400021 [2]贵州省材料产业技术研究院,贵州贵阳550014 [3]贵州黔新汽车零配件制造科技有限公司,贵州黔南布依族苗族自治州550601

出　　处：《塑料工业》2024年第3期160-167,共8页China Plastics Industry

基　　金：重庆市技术创新与应用发展专项重点项目(cstc2021jscx-dxwtBX0022);贵州省科技计划项目[黔科合支撑(2022)一般060];贵州省高层次创新型人才[黔科合平台人才(2020)6023];黔科合中引地(2023)035;贵州省科技计划项目黔科合服企(2021)9号;贵阳市观山湖区科技计划[观科合同(2022)02号];黔科合服企(2023)001号;贵州省科技创新人才团队[黔科合平合人才-CXTD(2023)012]。

摘　　要：选用十六烷基、氨基、环氧基3种不同硅烷偶联剂,先对碱式硫酸镁晶须(MOSw)进行表面处理,再与聚丙烯(PP)熔融共混改性,结合偶联剂的处理、加工工艺、树脂协同复配等技术,制备了低MOSw含量(质量分数仅为3%)的MOSw/PP复合材料,利用场发射扫描电镜、红外光谱、差示扫描量热仪等分析测试手段,探讨了3种硅烷偶联剂对MOSw红外光谱和微观形貌的影响以及对MOSw/PP复合材料的结晶行为、力学性能的影响,并分析了其变化规律及机理。结果表明,3种硅烷偶联剂中,十六烷基硅烷由于—C16H33基团的碳链最长、极性小,对MOSw的分散效果最好,环氧基硅烷次之,氨基硅烷最差;MOSw的加入对PP的结晶起到了阻碍的作用,硅烷偶联剂改性后提高了MOSw的分散性,进一步阻碍了PP的结晶,添加十六烷基硅烷改性晶须的复合材料的结晶度最低,仅为39.3%,与纯PP的结晶度相比下降了14.4%,并且添加十六烷基硅烷、环氧基硅烷改性的MOSw,加快了复合材料结晶速度;经十六烷基硅烷改性的MOSw与PP的结合力最好,基于3%质量分数的MOSw制备的复合材料的性能得到了大幅度的提升,密度仅0.963 g/cm^(3),与纯PP的力学性能相比,弯曲模量提高了116%,达到了2323 MPa,拉伸强度提高了7.8%,缺口冲击强度提高了2.5%,性能好、密度低,可用于制备轻量化的产品。Firstly,three different silane coupling agents(hexadecyl,amino,and epoxy)were selected to treat the surface of basic magnesium sulfate whiskers(MOSw),then polypropylene(PP)was modified by melt blending with MOSw.Combined with the coupling agent treatment,processing technology and resin co-compounding technology,the MOSw/PP composite material with a low MOSw content(3%mass fraction)was prepared.The effects of three silane coupling agents on the infrared spectrum and microstructures of MOSw,as well as the crystallization behaviors and mechanical properties of MOSw/PP composites were investigated by means of field emission scanning electron microscopy,infrared spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry.The variation rules and mechanism were also analyzed.The results show as follows:among the three silane coupling agents,cetylsilane has the best dispersion effect for MOSw due to the longest carbon chain and low polarity of—C16 H33 group,followed by epoxide silane and amino silane;The addition of MOSw hinders the crystallization of PP.The dispersion of MOSw is improved after being modified by silane coupling agents,which further hinders the crystallization of PP.The crystallinity of the composite with hexadecylsilane-modified whiskers is the lowest(only 39.3%),which decreases by 14.4%compared with that of pure PP.The crystallization rate of the composite is accelerated by adding cetylsilane and epoxy-silane modified MOSw.cetylsilane-modified MOSw have the best binding force with PP,and the properties of the composite material containing this MOSw with a mass-fraction of 3%are greatly improved,the density is only 0.963 g/cm^(3).Compared with the mechanical properties of pure PP,the bending modulus is increased by 116%,reaching 2323 MPa,the tensile strength is increased by 7.8%,the notch impact strength is increased by 2.5%.This kind of material with good performances and low density can be used to prepare lightweight products.

关 键 词：轻量化 晶须复合材料 硅烷偶联剂 结晶行为 力学性能 

分 类 号：TQ325.14[化学工程—合成树脂塑料工业]