我国典型养殖海域微塑料表面细菌群落结构特征研究  

Characteristics of bacterial communities on microplastic surface in a typical mariculture bay

作　　者：厉国梁 朱静敏 邓明月 江坤亮 赖俊元 曲昱玮 张超文 LI Guoliang;ZHU Jingmin;DENG Mingyue;JIANG Kunliang;LAI Junyuan;QU Yuwei;ZHANG Chaowen(School of fishery,Zhejiang Ocean University,Zhoushan 316022,China;Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Change and Disaster in the Beibu Gulf,College of Marine Sciences,Beibu Gulf University,Qinzhou 53501l,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江海洋大学水产学院,浙江舟山316022 [2]北部湾大学海洋学院,广西北部湾海洋环境变化与灾害研究重点实验室,广西钦州535011

出　　处：《海洋环境科学》2024年第2期311-319,共9页Marine Environmental Science

基　　金：国家青年科学基金项目(42106149);广西重点研发计划项目(桂科AB20297018)。

摘　　要：本研究在我国南方海水养殖海湾——茅尾海开展了冬、夏两季的微塑料表面细菌群落结构特征分析。茅尾海海域微塑料颗粒表面细菌群落主要包括变形菌门(30.52%~74.98%)、拟杆菌门(10.14%~58.64%)和放线菌门(1.21%~5.16%)等;在属水平上检测到了具有致病风险的弧菌属(0.21%~3.26%)、假单胞菌属(0.02%~2.88%)、不动杆菌属(0.07%~0.95%)和链球菌属(0.09%~0.86%)。微塑料表面附着的细菌种类与表层水体的重合率高于75%,但是二者细菌群落结构差异显著。细菌群落多样性分析结果显示,微塑料表面细菌群落的物种丰富度低于海水环境中的细菌群落,中等盐度(11.2~21.4)海域微塑料表面细菌群落的物种丰富度显著高于其他盐度海域(6.5~8.2,26.7~29.6);夏季微塑料表面细菌群落物种丰富度与均匀度整体高于冬季。茅尾海不同盐度海域微塑料表面附着的细菌群落结构差异明显,并与周围海水中的细菌群落结构显著不同。养殖水体是微塑料表面附着菌群的重要来源,而温度和盐度是影响微塑料表面细菌群落结构特征的主要因素,微塑料表面细菌群落中存在潜在致病菌。This study examined how the bacterial communities on the surface of microplastics varied between winter and summer in Maowei sea,a typical subtropical bay heavily affected by high-density aquaculture in China.The main bacterial groups on the microplastic particles were Proteobacteria(30.52%~74.98%),Bacteroidetes(10.14%~58.64%),and Actinobacteria(1.21%~5.16%).Some pathogenic genera were detected on the microplastics,such as Vibrio(0.21%~3.26%),Pseudomonas(0.02%~2.88%),Acinetobacter(0.07%~0.95%),and Streptococcus(0.09%~0.86%).The bacterial species on the microplastics and in the seawater overlapped by more than 75%,but they differed in their community characteristics.The microplastics had lower bacterial species richness than the seawater.However,in areas with low salinity,the microplastics had significantly higher species richness than in other areas of higher salinity.The species richness and evenness of the bacterial communities on the microplastics were generally higher in summer than in winter.The results showed significant differences in the bacterial communities between microplastics and seawater and among different salinity regions in the Maowei sea.Water in aquaculture areas is a vital source for surfaceattached bacterial communities on microplastics,where temperature and salinity are key factors shaping the structural characteristics.Notably,some pathogenic genera were detected on the microplastics.

关 键 词：海洋微塑料 细菌群落 病原微生物 养殖区 

分 类 号：X171.5[环境科学与工程—环境科学] X55