安徽省某地区儿童青少年屈光不正流行病学调查  

An epidemiological survey of ametropia in children and adolescents in an area of Anhui Province

作　　者：马茹君[1] 王法艳[1] 纪艳[1] MA Ru-jun(Anhui Medical College,Hefei 230601,Anhui,China)

机构地区：[1]安徽医学高等专科学校,安徽合肥230601

出　　处：《牡丹江医学院学报》2024年第2期111-114,共4页Journal of Mudanjiang Medical University

基　　金：安徽省教育厅自然科学重点项目(KJ2021A1274)。

摘　　要：目的对安徽省某地区儿童青少年屈光不正进行流行病学调查。方法采用分层随机抽样法,选择我省皖南某市12所学校、937名儿童青少年进行视力筛查,根据教室环境卫生监测结果,分析儿童青少年屈光不正与教学环境卫生的关系。结果该地区的儿童青少年屈光不正患病率为46.74%,与年级、城乡分布具有统计差异(P<0.05);小学、乡镇教室的黑板反射比、黑板面平均照度、课桌面表面照度合格率显著高于高中、城市教室,有统计学意义(P<0.05);运动时间、课桌面照度均匀度、课桌椅型号分配符合率、黑板距离、教室照明、黑板反射比、课桌面照度均匀度均为该地区儿童青少年的屈光不正患病率的影响因素(P<0.05)。结论安徽省某地区儿童青少年屈光不正受教室环境卫生因素和运动时间的影响,应根据上述可控因素干预,降低儿童青少年屈光不正的发生。Objective To investigate the epidemiology of ametropia in children and adolescents in a certain area of Anhui province.Methods A stratified random sampling method was used to select 937 children and adolescents from 12 schools in a city in southern Anhui province for vision screening.According to the monitoring results of classroom environmental health,the relationship between children and adolescents’refractive errors and teaching environmental health was analyzed.Results The prevalence rate of ametropia was 46.74%,which had statistical difference with grade and urban-rural distribution(P<0.05).The pass rate of blackboard reflection ratio,average illuminance of blackboard surface and surface illuminance of desk surface in primary school and township classrooms were significantly higher than those in high school and urban classrooms(P<0.05).Exercise time,uniformity of illuminance of desks,compliance rate of distribution of desks and chairs,distance from blackboard,classroom lighting,reflection ratio of blackboard and uniformity of illuminance of desks were all influencing factors for the prevalence of ametropia among children and adolescents(P<0.05).Conclusion The ametropia of children and adolescents in a certain area of Anhui province is affected by classroom environmental health factors and exercise time.Intervention should be based on the above factors to reduce the occurrence of ametropia.

关 键 词：儿童青少年 屈光不正 流行病学 

分 类 号：R778.1[医药卫生—眼科]