麋鹿食物组成及其分析方法研究进展  

Research progress of diet composition and its research methods for Père David’s deer

作　　者：王淏林 张怀胜 朱建强[2] 陈中义[3] 柯雨琳 杨涛 陈卉[1,2,3] Haolin Wang;Huaisheng Zhang;Jianqiang Zhu;Zhongyi Chen;Yulin Ke;Tao Yang;Hui Chen(College of Life Science,Yangtze University,Jingzhou,Hubei 434025;Research Center of Milu Health and Habitat,Yangtze University,Jingzhou,Hubei 434025;Institute of Plant Ecology and Environmental Restoration,Yangtze University,Jingzhou,Hubei 434025;Administrative Office of Shishou Milu National Nature Reserve,Jingzhou,Hubei 434407)

机构地区：[1]长江大学生命科学学院,湖北荆州434025 [2]长江大学麋鹿健康与生境研究中心,湖北荆州434025 [3]长江大学植物生态与环境修复研究所,湖北荆州434025 [4]湖北石首麋鹿国家级自然保护区管理处,湖北荆州434407

出　　处：《生物多样性》2024年第1期146-161,共16页Biodiversity Science

基　　金：湖北省教育厅科学技术研究项目(D20221301);国家自然科学基金(32371682);教育部湿地生态与农业利用工程研究中心(长江大学)(KFT202101);湖北省大学生创新创业培训计划(Yz2022227,Yz2023260)。

摘　　要：麋鹿(Elaphurusdavidianus)是国家一级重点保护野生动物。自1980年麋鹿重引入项目开展以来,麋鹿食物组成便一直是科研工作者研究的重点之一。本文总结了北京麋鹿生态实验中心、江苏大丰麋鹿国家级自然保护区和湖北石首麋鹿国家级自然保护区麋鹿采食的主要植物资源,综述了常用动物食物组成研究方法,包括直接观察法、利用法、胃含物分析法、粪便显微分析法、胃含物或粪便DNA分析法和稳定同位素技术,并分析了个体因素、植物营养成分、植物可获得性和人为因素等对麋鹿食物组成的影响。对常用食物组成研究方法的比较分析表明,不同方法在解析食物组成时反映的时间尺度和食物分辨率不同,在麋鹿等大型濒危有蹄类动物研究中有其优势和局限性。现有的麋鹿相关研究表明,个体因素所导致的生理差异和能量需求改变会影响麋鹿的食物组成;植物营养成分包括粗蛋白、可溶性糖、纤维素等是影响麋鹿食物组成的重要因子;植物可获得性和人为因素则通过改变食物多样性和丰富度进一步影响麋鹿的食物组成。今后,建议研究者在明确研究目的和研究对象的基础上,评估可用研究方法的优缺点,选择适宜的样品采集和数据分析方法,构建合理的食物组成研究方案。此外,在今后的研究中,应注重整合麋鹿相关研究结果,利用多种方法相结合分析麋鹿的食物组成,全面解析麋鹿的食物选择机制,为深入研究重引入过程中麋鹿对生境破碎化、湿地退化、人为活动干扰等的响应提供指导,进一步推进麋鹿种群发展和长效保护工作的开展。Background&Aim:Milu(Père David’s deer,Elaphurus davidianus)is a national key protected wild animal.Since its reintroduction in 1980,research on the diet composition of Milu has been a focus of researchers.We summarized the main feeding plants of Milu in the Beijing Milu Ecological Research Center,the Dafeng Milu National Nature Reserve,and the Shishou Milu National Nature Reserve.And we reviewed the common research methods of diet composition for animal including direct observation,utilization method,stomach content analysis,fecal microanalysis,stomach content or fecal DNA analysis and stable isotope technology and compared in terms of temporal scale,diet resolution,diet from the consumed stage,major strengths and major limitations.And,we analyzed the effects of ecological factors such as self-factors,plant nutrients and availability,and human activities on the diet composition of Milu.The analysis of the diet composition of Milu and common diet composition research methods aims to clarify the current progress of Milu diet composition research for promoting ex-situ conservation and natural return of Milu.Review results:The main food source of Milu is plants.The food selection of Milu is influenced not only by selffactors,but also by the nutrient content and availability of feeding plants and anthropogenic factor.Physiological variation and alteration of energy requirements due to self-factors can influence the diet composition of the deer.Plant nutrients including crude protein,soluble sugars,and fiber are important factors influencing diet composition.Plant availability and anthropogenic factors further influence diet composition by changing food diversity and abundance.The comparative analysis of common diet composition research methods shows that different methods reflect different time scales and food resolutions in resolving diet composition,and there are corresponding advantages and limitations in the face of large endangered ungulates such as Milu.Perspectives:We recommend that researchers should clarif

关 键 词：麋鹿 食物组成 生境 营养成分 食物分析 

分 类 号：Q958[生物学—动物学]