谢林与黑格尔哲学路径平议——以后期论述为中心  

Schelling's and Hegel's Approaches to Philosophy:Centered on Their Later Thoughts

作　　者：庄振华[1] ZHUANG Zhenhua(Division of Marxism&School of Philosophy,Shaanxi Normal University,Xi'an 710119,China)

机构地区：[1]陕西师范大学马克思主义学部/哲学学院,陕西西安710119

出　　处：《山西大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2024年第2期1-10,共10页Journal of Shanxi University(Philosophy and Social Science Edition)

基　　金：国家社科基金项目“黑格尔逻辑学视域下现代理性的自我调适研究”(20BZX090)。

摘　　要：在西方特有的形式感驱动之下,各时代创制的一系列“形式-质料”二元架构规定着当时的生活方式与世界眼光,到了(广义)现代科学中更是形成一种无所不包、看似自足的理知世界。谢林洞察到理性只能把握可能性,理知世界只能涵盖先天必然性,因而传统形而上学作为纯粹唯理论哲学是达不到绝对本原以及由其造就的万物的个别性、现实性的,而绝对本原作为绝对现实性只能通过神话与启示(尤其是后者)来“叙述”。谢林对理知世界面临的危险的揭示,具有不可替代的重要性。然而从黑格尔《逻辑学》的角度看来,理知世界其实在每个层面都有突破自我封闭化的潜力,理知世界及其所体现的可理知的宇宙秩序本身就构成切合人类生活实情的另一种现实性,同样是不可忽视的神性存在。反观谢林式肯定哲学,它貌似还本原于本原,实质上有将绝对者的自由变相理性化并落入二元设定陷阱的危险。后人不宜对这两种哲学路径进行简单臧否,反而应当将其置于历史大背景之中如实看待,并尽可能地汲取其中的思想营养。Motivated by Western-specific sense of form, a series of bipolar structures of “form-matter” generated in each period of times determines the modes of life and the perspectives of regarding the world. In modern sciences(in a broader sense) forms a intellectual world, which is all-encompassing and looks self-sufficient. In Schelling's eyes, reason can only grasp possibility, and the intellectual world can only cover a priori necessity, therefore the traditional metaphysics as purely rationalist philosophy cannot reach the absolute principle and the individuality and actuality of everything generated by it, whereupon the absolute principle as absolute actuality could be “related” only by way of mythology and revelation(especially by way of the latter). The demonstration of the risks of the intellectual world by Schelling has its irreplaceable significance. But seen from the perspective of Hegel's The Science of Logic,the intellectual world actually has the potential of self-breakthrough in every spheres. This world and the intellectual cosmic order, expressed in the former are in themselves a kind of actuality which is suitable for human life, and are, in the same degree as Schelling's absolute actuality, indispensable divine Being. Rethought from this perspective, Schelling's positive philosophy is actually in danger of rationalizing in a disguised way the freedom of the Absolute and falling in the trap of bipolar positing when it seems to send back the absolute principle. The later generations should not simply affirm or deny these two approaches to philosophy, but put them in their historical background and absorb nourishment as much as possible from them.

关 键 词：谢林 黑格尔 理知世界 肯定哲学 《逻辑学》 

分 类 号：B516.3[哲学宗教—外国哲学]