临近空间太阳能无人机增升减阻技术综述  

Lift enhancement and drag reduction technologies of solar powered unmanned aerial vehicles in near space:Review

作　　者：李广佳[1] 王红波 张凯[1] 仪志胜[1] LI Guangjia;WANG Hongbo;ZHANG Kai;YI Zhisheng(Innovation and Application Center,China Academy of Aerospace Aerodynamics,Beijing 100074,China)

机构地区：[1]中国航天空气动力技术研究院创新与应用中心,北京100074

出　　处：《航空学报》2024年第5期185-201,共17页Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica

摘　　要：临近空间太阳能无人机是介于航空器与航天器之间的特殊飞行器。受太阳能电池的光电转换效率和储能电池能量密度的约束,提升临近空间太阳能无人机气动效率和螺旋桨推进效率是保证该类型无人机平台任务执行能力、具备永久飞行能力的重要技术途径。然而低雷诺数效应给全机增升减阻技术攻关和节能降耗的设计目标带来了严重困难和挑战。针对这一问题,本文从翼型设计、气动布局设计、螺旋桨/机翼气动耦合设计、流动控制技术、螺旋桨增效设计5个方面调研了临近空间太阳能无人机增升减阻技术的研究现状,梳理了现有增升减阻措施的技术路线,分析了不同增升减阻方法的优势与不足,最后针对临近空间太阳能无人机增升减阻技术的发展趋势给出了建议。Near space solar powered UAVs are special aircraft falling in between aircraft and spacecraft.Due to the constraints by the photoelectric conversion efficiency of solar cells and the energy density of energy storage cells,im⁃proving the aerodynamic efficiency and propeller propulsion efficiency of solar UAVs in nearby space is an important technical means to ensure the mission execution ability and permanent flight capability of this type of UAV platform.However,the low Reynolds number effect has brought serious difficulties and challenges to the research and design goals of increasing lift and reducing drag for the aircraft,as well as energy conservation and consumption reduction.In response to this issue,this article investigates the current research status of lift enhancement and drag reduction tech⁃nologies for solar powered UAVs in near space from five aspects:airfoil design,aerodynamic layout design,propeller/wing aerodynamic coupling design,flow control technology,and propeller efficiency design.It summarizes the techni⁃cal routes of existing lift enhancement and drag reduction measures,and analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of different lift enhancement and drag reduction methods.Finally,suggestions are offered for the development of near space solar UAV lift enhancement and drag reduction technologies.

关 键 词：临近空间 太阳能无人机 增升减阻 气动设计 流动控制技术 

分 类 号：V211[航空宇航科学与技术—航空宇航推进理论与工程]