茶园仿生往复式开沟松土机设计与试验  

Design and Experiment of Reciprocating Furrowing and Loosening Machine for Tea Garden

作　　者：秦宽[1,2] 郎旭涛 沈周高 吴正敏[3,4] 毕海军 曹成茂 孙燕 葛俊[1,2] 方梁菲 QIN Kuan;LANG Xutao;SHEN Zhougao;WU Zhengmin;BI Haijun;CAO Chengmao;SUN Yan;CE Jun;FANG Liangfei(School of Engineering,Anhui Agricultural University,Hefei 230036,China;Anhui Intelligent Agricultural Machinery Equipment Engineering Laboratory,Hefei 230036,China;College of Tea and Food Science and Technology,Anhui Agricultural University,Hefei 230036,China;State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Resource Utilization,Hefei 230036,China)

机构地区：[1]安徽农业大学工学院,合肥230036 [2]安徽省智能农机装备工程实验室,合肥230036 [3]安徽农业大学茶与食品科技学院,合肥230036 [4]茶树生物学与资源利用国家重点实验室,合肥230036

出　　处：《农业机械学报》2024年第3期29-39,共11页Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年基金项目(52105239、52075003、52205509);茶树生物学与资源利用国家重点实验室开放基金项目(SKLTOF20210121);安徽省自然科学基金项目(2308085ME160)。

摘　　要：丘陵山区茶园土壤板结、石砾较多,使用传统旋转或移动式开沟机会出现打石跳刀、刀具无法入土、开沟不深、作业阻力大的问题。为此,依据人工铲土具有自发性以最低功耗完成最优作业路径的特点,设计仿人工铲土动作的曲柄摇杆式开沟装置,并研制小型茶园往复式开沟松土机。通过分析人工使用铁锹铲土的动作,建立入土、切土、抛土的运动模型,基于Matlab软件分析得到人工铲土时铁锹锹尖运动轨迹的拟合方程,以此方程为基准,建立曲柄连杆机构的目标函数,结合约束条件解出曲柄摇杆机构结构参数,同时对开沟铲进行开沟阻力分析,确定开沟铲的结构参数。建立Recurdyn和EDEM耦合的开沟铲-土壤互作仿真模型,并进行三因素三水平正交试验,对作业和结构参数进行优化,得到最优参数组合:机器前进速度v为0.06 m/s、曲柄转速n为42 r/min、入土倾角φ为80°。田间试验结果表明,茶园往复式开沟松土机作业平均开沟深度为211.5 mm,开沟功率为0.119 kW,沟深稳定性系数为90.9%,相较于传统旋转式开沟机,开沟功率降低6.3%,沟深稳定性系数提高3.1个百分点,整机作业质量满足茶园农艺要求。Hilly mountainous areas of tea plantation soil crust,gravel is more,the use of traditional rotary or mobile furrowing machine will appear to hit the stone jump knife,the knife can not enter the soil,the furrow is not deep,the operation has the problem of high resistance.In view of the above problems,according to the artificial shoveling has the spontaneity to complete the optimal operating path with the lowest power consumption characteristics,the design of crank linkage mechanism device imitating the action of artificial shoveling,and the development of small-scale tea plantation reciprocating trenching and loosening machine were done.Through the analysis of artificial shovel shoveling action,the establishment of the soil into the soil,cut the soil,throw the soil movement model was carried out,based on Matlab software analysis to get the artificial shovel tip trajectory fitting equation,taking this equation as a benchmark,the crank linkage mechanism of the objective function,combined with the constraints of the crank rocker mechanism was established to solve the structural parameters,and at the same time on the trenching shovel for the analysis of the resistance to trenching,to determine the structural parameters of the trenching shovel.Coupled Recurdyn and EDEM furrowing shovel-soil interaction simulation model was established,and a three-factor,three-level orthogonal test was conducted to optimize the operational and structural parameters,and the optimal parameter combinations were obtained as follows:the forward speed v of the implement was 0.06m/s,the rotational speed of the crank was 42r/min,and the inclination angle of the soil entryφwas 80°.The field test showed that the average furrowing depth of reciprocating furrowing and loosening machine operation in tea plantation was 211.5mm,the power consumption of furrowing was 0.119kW,and the coefficient of stability of trench depth was 90.9%,which reduced the power consumption of furrowing by 6.3%and the coefficient of stability of furrow depth was increased

关 键 词：茶园 开沟松土机 仿生 曲柄连杆机构 RECURDYN EDEM 

分 类 号：S224.12[农业科学—农业机械化工程]