小学生营养状况、饮食行为及家长膳食素养对小学生筛查性近视的影响  

Effects of primary school students'nutritional status,dietary behavior and parents'dietary literacy on screening myopia in primary school students

作　　者：许佳舒 周宪君[1] XU Jia-shu;ZHOU Xian-jun(School of Public Health,Jiamusi University,Heilongjiang 154007,China)

机构地区：[1]佳木斯大学公共卫生学院,黑龙江154007

出　　处：《预防医学论坛》2024年第1期56-60,共5页Preventive Medicine Tribune

摘　　要：目的探讨小学生的营养状况及其家长的膳食素养对小学生筛查性近视的影响,为从饮食方面预防及控制小学生近视提供依据。方法2023年3-4月,采用随机整群抽样的方法,选取佳木斯市前进区某小学学生为调查对象。由眼科医生对学生进行视力检查,筛查近视学生。对学生家长进行问卷调查,收集学生的身高、体质量,计算体质量指数(BMI),评价学生的营养状况;采用儿童饮食行为量表(CEBQ)评估学生的饮食行为,采用学龄期儿童日常饮食提供者膳食素养量表评估学生日常饮食提供者的膳食素养。采用logistic回归分析筛查性近视的影响因素。结果收集调查问卷1006份。小学生筛查性近视率为41.75%(420/1006),女生筛查性近视率高于男生(χ^(2)=6.954,P=0.008)。不同年级小学生的筛查性近视率比较差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=111.086,P<0.001)。不同营养状况小学生的筛查性近视差异有统计学意义(H=8.125,P=0.043),消瘦学生的筛查性近视率高于其他营养充足的学生(为50.68%)。近视儿童与非近视小学生的饮食行为量表得分在饱食反应维度有差异性(t=-2.256,P=0.024)。近视与非近视小学生的日常饮食提供者在对待小学生日常饮食态度方面的差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=6.514,P=0.039)。logistic回归分析显示,性别(OR=0.732,95%CI:0.557~0.963,P=0.026)、BMI水平(OR=1.181,95%CI:1.021~1.365,P=0.025)、年级(OR=0.635,95%CI:0.582~0.693,P<0.001)均是影响小学生是否近视的因素。结论佳木斯市前进区小学生的筛查性近视率为41.75%,营养状况与小学生筛查性近视有关,性别、BMI水平、年级是影响小学生出现筛查性近视的因素。Objective To explore the influence of the nutritional status of primary school students and their parents'dietary literacy on the screening of myopia,so as to provide a basis for the prevention and control of myopia from the aspect of diet.Methods From March to April 2023,students from a primary school in Qianjin district of Jiamusi city were selected by random cluster sampling method.The students were visually examined by an ophthalmologist and screened for myopia.A questionnaire survey was conducted on parents,the height and weight of the children were collected to calculate the body mass index(BMI)in order to evaluate the nutritional status.The dietary behavior was assessed by the Children dietary Behavior Scale(CEBQ),and the dietary literacy scale of school-aged children to assess the dietary literacy of students'daily dietary providers.Logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of screening myopia.Results A total of 1006 questionnaires were collected.The rate of screening myopia among primary school students was 41.75%(420/1006),and the rate of screening myopia among girls was higher than that among boys(χ^(2)=6.954,P=0.008).The rate of screening myopia in different grades was significant(χ^(2)=111.086,P<0.001).The difference of screening myopia among primary school students with different nutritional status was significant(H=8.125,P=0.043),and the rate of screening myopia among students with wasting was higher than that of other students with sufficient nutrition(50.68%).The eating behavior scale scores between myopic children and non-myopic pupils were different in the dimension of satiety response(t=-2.256,P=0.024).The differences between myopic and non-myopic primary school students'daily dietary providers in the daily dietary attitudes of primary school students were statistically significant(χ^(2)=6.514,P=0.039).Logistic regression showed that gender(P=0.026,OR=0.732,95%CI=0.557-0.963),BMI level(P=0.025,OR=1.181,95%CI=1.021-1.365),grade(P<0.001,OR=0.635,95%CI=0.582-0.693)were al

关 键 词：小学生 营养状况 筛查性近视 关联性 膳食态度 

分 类 号：R778.1[医药卫生—眼科] R179[医药卫生—临床医学]