分布式光纤水听器技术研究和应用进展  

Research and Application Progress of Distributed Fiber Optic Hydrophone Technology

作　　者：王照勇[1,2] 刘依凡 陈义赐 吴金懿 陈柏琦 高侃 叶青[1,2] 蔡海文[1] Wang Zhaoyong;Liu Yifan;Chen Yici;Wu Jinyi;Chen Baiqi;Gao Kan;Ye Qin;Cai Haiwen(Key Laboratory of Space Laser Communication and Detection Technology,Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shanghai 201800,China;Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院上海光学精密机械研究所空间激光信息传输与探测技术重点实验室,上海201800 [2]中国科学院大学材料与光电研究中心,北京100049

出　　处：《光学学报》2024年第1期103-116,共14页Acta Optica Sinica

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2020YFC1522901);中国科学院青年创新促进会人才项目(YIPA2023257);上海市青年科技启明星计划项目(22QB1406000)。

摘　　要：分布式光纤水听器将光纤作为水下声波换能器阵列,是近年来发展的新型水听器技术,具有阵列灵活重构、易于大规模组网、湿端全自动制备等独特优势,得到了国内外相关领域的重点关注。介绍了分布式光纤水听器的基本传感原理与典型的信号解调方法,梳理了声压灵敏度、系统等效噪声、响应方向性、动态范围等分布式光纤水听器的重要性能指标与研究进展,并介绍了近年来分布式光纤水听器技术的应用概况。最后,对存在的问题与未来发展趋势进行了总结和展望。Significance Acoustic detection is a basic way for human beings to perceive the environment.Hydrophone technologies are key means of underwater acoustic detection and play an important role in target detection,communication,navigation,resource exploration,and marine ecological monitoring.At present,the mainstream hydrophone technologies are mainly divided into two categories of piezoelectric hydrophone and fiber optic hydrophone(FOH).The former has been widely applied,and FOH rapidly developing in recent decades features high detection sensitivity,unpowered wet-end,and convenient networking.However,these conventional hydrophones have many disadvantages.First,they are in nodal type,the multiplexing scale and array size are limited,and the largest array number is far less than 1000.Second,their array parameters(array spacing,array aperture,etc.)cannot be changed after being determined,and the target type to be located is limited,which cannot meet the detection needs of various targets.Finally,the wet-end part needs to be prepared by hand due to the complex fiber connect relationship.Therefore,the existing hydrophone technologies are difficult to meet the strict requirements of advanced marine science and future underwater acoustic detection,such as large-scale detection arrays,rapid and flexible deployment,adaptive array reconstruction,and low-cost large-scale monitoring.Meanwhile,it is extremely important to develop new hydrophone technologies.Distributed fiber optic hydrophone(DFOH)technology is a new underwater acoustic detection technology developed in recent years.In DFOH,the optical fiber is converted into thousands of acoustic transducers,and all acoustic information can be obtained along the fiber quantitatively and spatial-continuously from the backscattering of the inquiry laser pulse.DFOH has unique advantages including densely spatial sensing,flat frequency response,flexible array reconstruction in the digital domain,and large array(tens of kilometers).Additionally,in terms of engineering applications,t

关 键 词：分布式光纤水听器 分布式光纤声波传感 光纤传感 瑞利散射 水下目标探测 

分 类 号：TN253[电子电信—物理电子学] TN29