学龄前儿童烧伤后心理应激障碍发生情况的横断面调查及影响因素分析  

A cross-sectional survey and analysis of influencing factors on the occurrence of post-burn psychological stress disorder in preschool children

作　　者：卢学兰 刘应平 刘一伟 刁杰林 王丰 钟方宇 何家乐 陈朗[1] Lu Xuelan;Liu Yingping;Liu Yiwei;Diao Jielin;Wang Feng;Zhong Fangyu;He Jiale;Chen Lang(Department of Plastic Surgery and Burn Surgery,Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College,Nanchong 637002,China;Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery,Suining Central Hospital,Suining 629099,China;Department of Burn,Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery,Nanchong Central Hospital,Nanchong 637003,China)

机构地区：[1]川北医学院附属医院整形美容烧伤外科,南充637002 [2]遂宁市中心医院烧伤整形科,遂宁629099 [3]南充市中心医院烧伤整形美容外科,南充637003

出　　处：《中华烧伤与创面修复杂志》2024年第4期373-379,共7页Chinese Journal of Burns And Wounds

基　　金：四川省基层卫生事业发展研究中心重点项目(SWFZ22-Z-06);四川省医学会伤口疾病(泰阁)专项科研课题(2023TG02);南充市社科研究“十四五”规划2023年度项目(NC23B199)。

摘　　要：目的探讨学龄前儿童烧伤后心理应激障碍发生情况及其影响因素。方法该研究为多中心横断面调查。2022年1月—2023年2月,选择川北医学院附属医院、南充市中心医院、遂宁市中心医院、广安市人民医院、广元市中心医院收治的85例符合入选标准的1~6岁学龄前烧伤患儿为调查对象。采用自制一般信息调查表调查患儿性别、年龄段、居住地区、主要看护人及其文化程度、家庭类型等一般资料,以及致伤原因、烧伤严重程度等伤情;采用儿童应激障碍检查表调查患儿伤后3 d~1个月心理应激障碍发生情况,计算发生率。将患儿按照一般资料和伤情分类,统计患儿伤后3 d~1个月心理应激障碍发生情况,筛选学龄前儿童烧伤后发生心理应激障碍的影响因素。结果共发放调查问卷85份,收回有效问卷85份,有效回收率为100%。患儿中,男45例、女40例,以1~3岁年龄段患儿居多,农村地区患儿稍多于城市,主要看护人为父母和祖父母的患儿约各占1/2,主要看护人文化程度以高中/中专为主,家庭类型以核心家庭与扩大家庭为主,致伤原因以热液烫伤为主,烧伤严重程度以中度为主。该组患儿伤后3 d~1个月心理应激障碍发生率为34.12%(29/85)。不同年龄段、致伤原因、烧伤严重程度患儿伤后3 d~1个月心理应激障碍发生情况比较,差异均有统计学意义(χ^(2)值分别为9.18、7.80、25.47,P<0.05);不同性别、居住地区、主要看护人、主要看护人文化程度、家庭类型患儿伤后3 d~1个月心理应激障碍发生情况比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。多因素logistic回归分析显示,年龄段和烧伤严重程度均为学龄前儿童烧伤后发生心理应激障碍的独立影响因素(比值比分别为8.21、33.99,95%置信区间分别为1.57~43.04、5.55~207.93,P<0.05),患儿年龄越大、烧伤严重程度越重,发生心理应激障碍的可能性越高。结论学龄前儿童烧伤�Objective To explore the occurrence and influencing factors of post-burn psychological stress disorder in preschool children.Methods This study was a multi-center cross-sectional survey.From January 2022 to February 2023,85 preschool children(aged 1 to 6 years)with burns admitted to the Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College,Nanchong Central Hospital,Suining Central Hospital,Guang'an People's Hospital,and Guangyuan Central Hospital who met the inclusion criteria were selected as respondents.A self-made general information questionnaire was used to investigate the children's general data including gender,age group,residential area,main caregiver and their education level,and family type,as well as the injury condition including cause of injury and burn severity.The Child Stress Disorders Checklist was used to investigate the occurrence of psychological stress disorder in children at 3 days to 1 month after injury,and the incidence rate was calculated.The children were classified according to their general data and injury condition,and the occurrence of psychological stress disorder in children at 3 days to 1 month after injury was recorded,and the influencing factors for post-burn psychological stress disorder in preschool children were screened.Results A total of 85 questionnaires were distributed and 85 valid questionnaires were recovered,with an effective recovery rate of 100%.Among the children,there were 45 boys and 40 girls,with most children aged 1 to 3 years.There were slightly more children in rural areas than in cities.About half of the children were mainly cared for by their parents and grandparents,respectively,and the education level of the main caregivers was mainly high school/technical secondary school.The family type was mainly core family and extended family.The main cause of injury was hydrothermal scald,and the severity of burns was mainly moderate.The incidence rate of psychological stress disorder in this group of children at 3 days to 1 month after injury was 34.12%(29/85).Ther

关 键 词：烧伤 儿童 学龄前 应激障碍 创伤后 影响因素分析 心理应激障碍 急性应激障碍 

分 类 号：R726[医药卫生—儿科]