锂离子电池性能衰减与热失控机制研究进展  

Advances on Mechanism of Degradation and Thermal Runaway of Lithium-Ion Batteries

作　　者：郭斌[1] 刘新华 何瑢 高心磊 闫啸宇 杨世春[1] Guo Bin;Liu Xinhua;He Rong;Gao Xinlei;Yan Xiaoyu;Yang Shichun(School of Transportation Science and Engineering,Beihang University,Beijing 100191,China)

机构地区：[1]北京航空航天大学交通科学与工程学院,北京100191

出　　处：《稀有金属》2024年第2期225-239,共15页Chinese Journal of Rare Metals

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFB0102100)资助。

摘　　要：锂离子电池具有能量密度高、功率密度高、自放电率低等优点,已经广泛应用于新能源汽车。但是,在循环使用的过程中,锂离子电池会逐渐发生老化,降低其能量存储和功率输出能力,不仅会缩短新能源汽车的续驶里程和使用寿命,还会带来安全隐患。因此,锂离子电池的老化及其对安全性能的影响规律需要重点研究,以便更好地进行电池寿命和安全的管理与预警。从锂离子电池的组成结构出发,分别对各组成部分的内部老化机制进行了全面综述,分析了温度、充放电倍率、荷电状态等外部因素对电池衰减的影响,并对热失控机制,以及老化作为主要诱因导致的热失控进行了综述,探讨了高比能锂离子电池由于新材料体系的应用而带来的新的老化和热失控机制,提出复杂车载工况下高能量密度锂离子电池的老化和全寿命周期热失控性能演变规律研究,是电池在线智能管理和退役后状态与安全性评估的重点研究领域。Lithium-ion battery(LIB)is widely used in the new energy vehicles since its characteristics of high specific energy,high power density and high working voltage.However,its degradation in energy storage and power capability is inevitable during operation,which highly limits the vehicle driving range and lifespan,and even induces safety risks.With the increasing application of new energy vehicles,fire accidents tend to occur more frequently,most of which can be related to thermal runaway(TR).In addition to the degradation,safety performance of LIB became another major concern for the development of new energy vehicles.Both degradation and safety issues severely restrict the rapid development of new energy vehicles.For better on-board utilization of LIB,it is necessary to understand its internal electrochemical mechanism of aging and TR for the estimation of state of health(SOH)and state of safety(SOS).Therefore,the recent progress on the mechanism of aging was reviewed firstly.During the charge-discharge process of LIB,side reactions were inevitable which lead to capacity fade,power fade,stress-induced material damage and the potential for TR.Those side reactions occurred on different components of the battery,such as anode,cathode,separator,and so on.The existing research results showed that the formation and thickening of solid electrolyte interphase(SEI)film,lithium plating and loss of active materials are the main aging mechanisms of conventional graphite anode.For the cathode,the material structure collapse caused by stress,the dissolution and deposition of transition metal ions,and the phase change of the active material were the main factors affecting its degradation.Separator aging,binder and current collector corrosion were also not negligible issues related to aging process.Meanwhile,the degradation mode of LIB was highly affected by different external factors such as ambient temperature,charge/discharge rate(Crate),state of charge(SOC)and depth of discharge(DOD).At present,great progress had been achieve

关 键 词：新能源汽车 锂离子电池 老化机制 热失控 副反应 

分 类 号：TM912.9[电气工程—电力电子与电力传动]