医学专业大一新生的专业认知与专业选择动机调查  

Investigation on major cognition and major choice motivation of medical freshmen

作　　者：吕利枝 郭煌达 刘晓雯 徐琳 赵禹碹 王燕 贾雅雯 王云[1] LüLizhi;Guo Huangda;Liu Xiaowen;Xu Lin;Zhao Yuxuan;Wang Yan;Jia Yawen;Wang Yun(Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences,School of Public Health,Peking University,Beijing 100191,China)

机构地区：[1]北京大学公共卫生学院劳动卫生与环境卫生学系,北京100191

出　　处：《中华医学教育探索杂志》2024年第3期353-358,共6页Chinese Journal of Medical Education Research

基　　金：北京大学医学部教育教学研究课题(2019YB42);北京大学医学部2019年大学生创新实验项目资助(69002Y0259)。

摘　　要：目的了解医学生的专业认知、专业选择动机及二者之间的关系,为医学院校各专业选拔人才与有效开展招生工作提供参考与建议。方法选择北京大学医学部2019级本科生为调查对象,对其专业认知、专业选择动机与影响因素进行问卷调查,并采用主成分分析和Spearman秩和相关分析。结果北京大学医学部2019级640名本科生的专业认知得分表现为临床医学(3.24±0.89)>口腔医学(2.89±1.00)>基础医学(2.66±1.02)>药学(2.54±0.97)>预防医学(2.29±0.93)>护理学(2.21±0.99)>医学检验(1.98±0.95)>医学英语(1.95±0.93);6个主要的专业选择动机因子分别是学校及专业实力、专业学习及工作前景、自身因素、北大情怀和他人影响、医学因素、学校政策,贡献率分别为34.60%、12.97%、7.42%、6.00%、5.59%、5.37%;专业认知得分与专业选择动机因子一定程度上正相关。结论目前学生对医学专业的专业认知水平仍有较大上升空间,且专业选择的动机因素较复杂,其中学校及专业实力与学习工作前景为重要因素。医学院校应注重加强专业宣传,提高学生专业认知,从多方面吸引有志学生报考医学专业,提高医学专业人才培养质量。Objective To understand the major cognition,major choice motivation and the relationship between the two of medical students,and provide references and suggestions for the selection of talents in various majors of medical schools and the effective development of enrollment work.Methods This study selected undergraduates of Batch 2019 from Peking University Health Science Center as the survey objects,conducted a questionnaire survey on their major cognition,major choice motivation and influencing factors,and used principal component analysis and Spearman rank correlation analysis.Results The study found that the major cognition scores of 640 undergraduates of Batch 2019 from Peking University Health Science Center were clinical medicine(3.24±0.89)>stomatology(2.89±1.00)>basic medicine(2.66±1.02)>pharmacy(2.54±0.97)>preventive medicine(2.29±0.93)>nursing medicine(2.21±0.99)>medical laboratory(1.98±0.95)>medical English(1.95±0.93).Six major motivation factors for professional choice were school and professional strength,professional learning and job prospects,own factors,Peking University sentiments and the influence of others,medical factors,school policies,and the contribution rates were 34.60%,12.97%,7.42%,6.00%,5.59%and 5.37%,respectively.Major cognition scores and major choice motivation factors were positively correlated with each other to some extent.Conclusions At present,students'major cognition level of medical majors still has a large room for improvement,and the motivational factors of major choice are more complicated,among which"the school and professional strength"and"the prospects of study and work"are important factors.Medical schools should focus on strengthening major publicity,improving students'major cognition,attracting aspiring students to apply for medical majors from many aspects,and improving the training quality of medical professionals.

关 键 词：专业认知 专业选择动机 影响因素 医学专业 医学生 

分 类 号：R05[医药卫生]