法秩序统一视野下“蛋壳脑袋”规则的刑法界限  

The criminal law boundary of the"eggshell skull"rule from the perspective of the uniformity of legal order

作　　者：蒋太珂 Jiang Taike

机构地区：[1]华东政法大学刑事法学院,上海200042

出　　处：《东岳论丛》2024年第4期153-164,192,共13页DongYue Tribune

基　　金：国家社科基金青年项目“因果力比较的归责构造及其运用研究”(项目编号:21CFX037);华东政法大学苏惠渔刑法学研究基金资助项目“共同犯罪的归责原理与结果归责”。

摘　　要：“蛋壳脑袋”规则的要义是被害人的特殊体质不影响法律责任的认定。受民法归责分配理念的影响,对特殊体质案件的刑法评价出现了接纳“蛋壳脑袋”规则的趋势。“蛋壳脑袋”不但在理念层面抵触了责任主义原则;而且在实践功能维度,其对被害法益的保护只具有宣示价值,同时难以兼顾当事人间的利益平衡。被害人特殊体质案件法律评价涉及的核心问题是,实现自我负责原则和法益保护原则的协调。在刑法上不承认法益损害后果的可分性,在民法上法益损害后果可以进行金钱量化;“蛋壳脑袋”规则虽然在民法评价上可以被正当化,但在刑法评价中不能被正当化,在刑法中仍然应当坚守责任主义立场。刑法和民法对“蛋壳脑袋”规则采取不同态度,并不违反法秩序统一性的要求。The main point of the"eggshell skull"rule is that the victim's special physique does not affect the determination of legal responsibility.Influenced by the concept of imputation of responsibility in civil law,there is a tendency to accept the"eggshell skull"rule in the evaluation of criminal law for cases with victims of special physique.The"eggshell skull',not only conflicts with the principle of responsibility at the conceptual ievel,moreover,in terms of practical function,its protection of the interests of the victim only has a declarative value,and it is difficult to balance the interests of the parties involved.In fact,the core issue involved in the legal evaluation of the cases with victims of special physique is to achieve the reconciliation of the principle of self-responsibility and the principle of protection of legal'interests.The"eggshell skull"rule can be justified in civil law evaluation,but not in criminal law evaluation,and the principle of responsibility should still be upheld in criminal law.The different attitudes of criminal law and civil law towards the"eggshell skull"rule do not violate the requirement of the uniformity of legal order.

关 键 词：“蛋壳脑袋”规则 刑法从属 归责模式 自我负责 法秩序统一 

分 类 号：D924[政治法律—刑法学]