峡山水库流域表层土壤氮磷淋溶特征及释放预测  

Characteristics and Release Prediction of Surface Soil Nitrogen and Phosphorus Leaching in Xiashan Reservoir Basin

作　　者：王晴 孙增兵 钱淑君 杨丽原 刘恩峰 郭志谦 WANG Qing;SUN Zeng-bing;QIAN Shu-jun(School of Water Conservancy and Environment,University of Jinan,Jinan,Shandong 250022;Shandong Provincial No.4 Institute of Geological and Mineral Survey,Weifang,Shandong 261021)

机构地区：[1]济南大学水利与环境学院,山东济南250022 [2]山东省第四地质矿产勘查院,山东潍坊261021 [3]山东师范大学地理与环境学院,山东济南250358

出　　处：《安徽农业科学》2024年第8期58-65,共8页Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(42177385)。

摘　　要：以峡山水库流域表层土壤为研究对象,采用室内土柱淋溶法模拟不同淋溶量下总氮(TN)、总磷(TP)、氨氮(NH_(3)-N)的淋出情况,并预测氮磷释放量。结果表明,在不同土地利用方式下,该区域的TN、TP、NH_(3)-N含量总体上来说耕地大于林地,但并不存在显著差异。TN、TP、NH_(3)-N淋溶浓度与其在土壤中总量均呈现显著正相关。淋溶液中TN浓度随淋溶量的增加而逐渐降低,这表明土壤对TN的吸附能力较差,易随降雨渗透发生损失;TP和NH_(3)-N浓度随淋溶量的增加无明显变化规律,且其淋溶强度均小于TN。在一定淋溶量条件下,氮磷淋出浓度与淋溶液体积呈指数相关,氮磷淋溶浓度随淋溶量的增加经过拟合得到峡山水库流域表层土壤营养盐的淋溶函数C=C_(0)e^(KV)。通过确定性数学模型模拟计算出采样点TN、TP、NH_(3)-N的年均释放浓度均值分别为23.00、4.33、4.49 mg/L,其中TN和TP年均释放浓度综合营养状态指数均超过水体重度富营养化标准,很可能通过径流等过程导致水体中氮磷富集。The surface soil of Xiashan Reservoir Basin was taken as the research object,and the leaching situation of total nitrogen(TN),total phosphorus(TP)and ammonia nitrogen(NH_(3)-N)under different leaching amounts was simulated by indoor soil column leaching method,and the release amount of nitrogen and phosphorus was predicted.The results showed that the TN,TP and NH_(3)-N contents of cultivated land in this region were higher than those of forest land under different land use modes,but there was no significant difference.The leaching concentration of TN,TP and NH_(3)-N showed significant positive correlation with the total amount in the soil.The concentration of TN in leaching solution decreased gradually with the increase of leaching amount,which indicated that the adsorption capacity of soil for TN was poor,and it was easy to lose with rainfall infiltration.TP and NH_(3)-N did not change significantly with the increase of leaching amount,and their leaching intensity was lower than TN.Under the condition of a certain leaching amount,the leaching concentration of nitrogen and phosphorus was exponentially correlated with the volume of leaching solution.The leaching function of surface soil nutrients in Xiashan Reservoir Basin could be obtained by fitting the leaching concentration of nitrogen and phosphorus with the increase of leaching amount:C=C_(0)e^(KV).The average annual release concentrations of TN,TP and NH_(3)-N at the sampling points were simulated and calculated by the deterministic mathematical model to be 23.00,4.33 and 4.49 mg/L,respectively.The comprehensive nutritional status index of TN and TP annual release concentrations exceeded the standard for severe eutrophication in water body,which may lead to nitrogen and phosphorus enrichment in water through processes such as runoff.

关 键 词：峡山水库 表层土壤 氮磷 淋溶特征 释放预测 

分 类 号：X143[环境科学与工程—环境科学]