双重社会转型下中国环境法的挑战与因应  

Challenges and Responses of Chinese Environmental Law under Dual Social Transformation

作　　者：秦天宝[1] Qin Tianbao

机构地区：[1]武汉大学环境法研究所

出　　处：《中国法学》2024年第2期126-143,共18页China Legal Science

基　　金：2023年度教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大课题“生态文明领域统筹推进国内法治与涉外法治研究”(项目批准号:23JJD820014)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：中国的现代化进程贯穿于工业化与后工业化双重社会转型中,虽然在这一历史进程中经济、政治、文化、社会等各领域都取得了显著成就,但传统环境问题与现代风险性环境问题却交织并存,给处于这一历史阶段的环境法带来了诸多挑战。究其根本,中国环境法面临的挑战是历史方位的特定性、迭代形态的复杂性与现实利益的多元性所致。其破解之道在于,将从中国传统哲学、比较法方法论和国际法基本原则中所凝练出的“差异性一体化”理论,运用于中国环境法的央地立法协同、事权财权配置与环境政策下沉。申言之,处于双重社会转型中的中国环境法要秉持“差异性一体化”的基本思路进行系统性构建。在前端,从央地关系中环境立法的权限与领域两个方面展开制度协调;在中端,从环境法规范体系的时空两条主线展开体系弥合;在末端,从优化生态保护补偿机制和完善争端解决协同机制等方面展开机制保障。China's modernization process unfolds within the dual social transformation of industrialization and post-industrialization.Despite significant achievements in various fields such as economy,politics,culture,and society in this historical process,traditional environmental issues coexist with modern environmental risks,posing challenges to environmental law at this historical stage.Fundamentally,the challenges facing Chinese environmental law stem from the specificity of historical orientation,the complexity of iterative forms,and the diversity of real interests.The solution lies in applying the theory of'differentiated integration'extracted from Chinese traditional philosophy,methodology of comparative law,and basic principles of international law to the coordination of legislation and allocation of powers and finances between the central and local governments,and decentralization of environmental policies.In other words,Chinese environmental law in the context of dual social transformation should adhere to the basic principle of'differentiated integration'for systematic construction.At the front end,we should coordinate institutional relations between the central and local governments regarding the authority and scope of environmental legislation.In the middle,we should bridge the gaps in the environmental regulatory system through temporal and spatial dimensions.At the back end,we should provide institutional guarantees by optimizing the ecological protection compensation mechanism and improving the dispute resolution coordination mechanism.

关 键 词：双重社会转型 风险社会 环境法 差异性一体化 央地关系 

分 类 号：D922.68[政治法律—环境与资源保护法学]