利用人工合成小麦基因资源实现产量突破的育种实践  

Breeding Practice for Breaking Through the Bottleneck of Yield Potential by Using Synthetic Hexaploid Wheat

作　　者：杨武云[1] YANG Wuyun(Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Chengdu 610066,China)

机构地区：[1]四川省农业科学院,成都610066

出　　处：《四川农业大学学报》2024年第2期255-263,共9页Journal of Sichuan Agricultural University

基　　金：四川省财政专项“1+3”种源关键核心技术攻关项目(1+3 ZYGG001);四川省重点研发计划“主要农作物种质资源研究与公共服务(2021YFYZ0020)”;四川省自然基金(2022NSFSC0161);四川省农业科学院战略科学家工作室;国家现代农业小麦产业技术体系(CARS-03)。

摘　　要：【目的】人工合成小麦是科学家模拟小麦进化过程,利用四倍体小麦与二倍体节节麦杂交、染色体加倍而成的新型六倍体小麦资源,集合了双亲的优良性状,可作为桥梁改良现代小麦。【方法】回顾了四川小麦80多年的育种历程,对利用人工合成小麦基因资源实现产量水平突破的方法技术进行了分析,希望为进一步利用小麦近缘属种育种应用提供参考。【结果】利用大群体有限回交法和重组自交系育种法改良初级人工合成小麦及其衍生系,育成了产量提升近30%的小麦品种川麦42及衍生品种川麦104,维持四川小麦产量台阶20余年。【结论】种质资源发掘、育种方法技术创新,是实现产量新突破有效途径。【Objective】Synthetic hexaploid wheat is a new type of hexaploid wheat that developed by scientists using the hybridization and chromosome doubling of tetraploid wheat and diploid Aegilops tauschii simulating the evolution process of wheat.Synthetic hexaploid wheat combines the excellent traits of both parents and can be used as a bridge to improve modern wheat.【Method】A review of over 80 years of wheat breeding history in Sichuan Province was conducted,and the methods and techniques for utilizing synthetic wheat to achieve yield breakthroughs were analyzed.It is hoped that this review will provide reference for further utilization of wheat relatives for wheat breeding.【Result】By using the breeding methods of the limited backcrossing with large populations and the recombinant inbred line to improve the primary synthetic wheat and its derivative lines,a new variety Chuanmai42(CM42)and its derivative variety Chuanmai104 with a yield increase of nearly 30%were bred.Chuanmai42 and its derivatives have maintained the yield level of Sichuan wheat for more than 20 years.【Conclusion】Germplasm exploration and breeding method innovation are effective ways to achieve new breakthrough of yield potential.

关 键 词：人工合成小麦 产量 小麦近缘属种 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学]