洞庭湖营养盐赋存及对水沙情势变化响应综述  

Research progress on nutrients forms in Dongting Lake and their response to changes in water-sediment conditions

作　　者：韩锦诚 王丹阳 汤显强[1,2] 黎睿[1,2] 顾鋆鋆 HAN Jincheng;WANG Danyang;TANG Xianqiang;LI Rui;GU Junjun(Basin Water Environmental Research Department,Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute,Wuhan 430010,China;Key Laboratory of Basin Water Resource and Eco-Environmental Science in Hubei Province,Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute,Wuhan 430010,China)

机构地区：[1]长江科学院流域水环境研究所,湖北武汉430010 [2]长江科学院流域水资源与生态环境科学湖北省重点实验室,湖北武汉430010

出　　处：《人民长江》2024年第4期72-80,共9页Yangtze River

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFC3204102-02);江西省水利科学院开放基金项目(2021SKSH06)。

摘　　要：洞庭湖水环境营养状况与水沙情势密切相关,水沙情势变化使湖区营养盐赋存状态发生改变,进而对长江中下游流域的水生态安全造成影响。梳理了20世纪50年代以来洞庭湖区水沙情势与营养盐赋存状况的变化特征,总结了水沙条件与营养盐赋存关系的相关研究进展。结果表明:受下荆江裁弯、葛洲坝截流、三峡水库运行等因素影响,荆江三口分流分沙减少,洞庭湖泥沙淤积趋缓,同流量下湖区水位下降。近30 a洞庭湖水体氮磷污染程度加深,沉积物氮磷污染未见显著恶化。三口分流量的减少直接导致水环境容量减小,使总氮浓度升高;分沙量的减少降低了湖区颗粒态磷含量,使总磷浓度减小、溶解态磷占比升高;洞庭湖淤积泥沙营养盐释放是影响湖区水体氮、磷含量的重要因素;湖区水位变化引起的洲滩干湿交替及水生植物群落改变,促进了沉积物中氮、磷蓄积并增加上覆水体营养盐含量。研究成果可为水沙与水环境耦合关系研究提供支撑,为面向湖区水环境改善的水沙调控提供参考。The nutrient status of Dongting Lake is closely related to the water and sediment conditions.The variations in water-sediment conditions alter the nutrient status of the lake,thereby affecting the ecological security in the middle and lower reaches of the Changjiang River Basin.The variation characteristics of water-sediment and nutrient conditions in Dongting Lake area since the 1950s were summarized and the research progress of the relationship between water-sediment conditions and nutrient conditions was reviewed.The results showed that influenced by cutoffs of the lower Jingjiang River,closure of the Gezhouba Dam,operation of the Three Gorges Reservoir,and other factors,the flow diversion and sediment diversion of the three outlets of the Jingjiang River decreased,the sediment deposition in Dongting Lake tended to slow down,and the water level of lake area decreased under the same flow.The nitrogen and phosphorus pollution of water in Dongting Lake has deteriorated in the past 30 a,but the nitrogen and phosphorus pollution of sediment has not deteriorated significantly.The reduction of the flow diversion at the three outlets directly led to the reduction of the water environment capacity,which increased the total nitrogen concentration;the reduction of sediment diversion reduced the granular phosphorus content in the lake area,which decreased the total phosphorus concentration and increased the proportion of dissolved phosphorus;the release of nutrient from the siltation of Dongting Lake was an important factor affecting the nitrogen and phosphorus content of the water in the lake area;the alternation of wet and dry conditions on the continental beaches and the change of aquatic plant communities caused by the change of the water level in the lake area promoted the accumulation of nitrogen and phosphorus in the sediment and overlying water.This paper can provide theoretical support for the follow-up study of the coupling relationship between water sediment and the water environment and provide references for

关 键 词：营养盐 水沙情势 洞庭湖 荆江三口 三峡水库 

分 类 号：X143[环境科学与工程—环境科学] P333[天文地球—水文科学]