湿法纺丝用喷丝头的结构与材质及性能  

Structure and material of spinnerets for wet spinning and their performance

作　　者：孙娜娜 张璐 SUN Nana;ZHANG Lu(Korla Zhongtai Textile Technology Co.,Ltd.,Korla 841000)

机构地区：[1]库尔勒中泰纺织科技有限公司,新疆库尔勒841000

出　　处：《合成纤维工业》2024年第2期78-82,共5页China Synthetic Fiber Industry

摘　　要：介绍了湿法纺丝用喷丝头的结构、材料及性能。湿法纺丝用喷丝头的形状主要为帽子形,孔径为0.05~0.12 mm,采用圆锥形和圆弧形两种孔形。喷丝头的材质主要为金、铂、铑、钽等,其中金铂合金喷丝头耐腐蚀性能好、强度和硬度高、纺丝质量好,但价格昂贵;钽喷丝头价格便宜,但硬度较低、使用寿命短、可纺性差。通过对钽喷丝头进行表面渗氮处理并镀膜的复合钽酸锂镀膜钽喷丝头、金刚石镀膜钽喷丝头已实现在不降低纺丝品质的前提下对金铂合金喷丝头的替代,并广泛应用于湿法纺丝,但在一些特种纤维、高端纤维领域,镀膜钽喷丝头依然无法取代金铂铑合金喷丝头。低成本、高硬度、抗腐蚀是未来湿法纺丝用喷丝头的研究发展方向。The structure,material and performance of spinnerets for wet spinning were reviewed.The spinnerets for wet spinning are mainly cap shaped,with 0.05-0.12 mm conical and circular holes in diameter.The spinnerets materials are mainly gold,platinum,rhodium,tantalum,etc.,among which gold platinum alloy spinnerets have good corrosion resistance,high strength and hardness and good spinning quality,but the price is high;tantalum spinnerets are inexpensive,but have low hardness,short service life and poor spinnability.Composite lithium tantalate coated tantalum spinnerets and diamond coated tantalum spinnerets,which have undergone surface nitriding treatment and coating on tantalum spinnerets,have achieved the substitution of gold platinum alloy spinnerets without reducing spinning quality and have been widely used in wet spinning.However,coated tantalum spinnerets still cannot replace gold platinum rhodium alloy spinnerets in some special fiber and high-end fiber fields.The future research development direction of spinnerets for wet spinning should be focused on low cost and high hardness and corrosion resistance.

关 键 词：喷丝头 金铂合金喷丝头 钽喷丝头 钽酸锂 金刚石 结构 材质 

分 类 号：TQ340.5[化学工程—化纤工业]