基于载荷发散控制的旋翼高原气动设计  

Study of Rotor Plateau Aerodynamic Design Based on Load Divergence Control

作　　者：徐朝梁[1] 孙国普 邱良军[1] 曹普孙[1] XU Chaoliang;SUN Guopu;QIU Liangjun;CAO Pusun(China Helicopter Research and Development Institute,Jingdezhen 333001,China)

机构地区：[1]中国直升机设计研究所,景德镇333001

出　　处：《南京航空航天大学学报》2024年第2期208-216,共9页Journal of Nanjing University of Aeronautics & Astronautics

摘　　要：直升机高原重载快速飞行时,旋翼处于大总距状态,更易发生旋翼失速,导致操纵载荷显著增加。为解决这一问题,本文提出了基于载荷发散控制的旋翼高原气动设计方法。传统直升机旋翼设计中,性能、噪声、空机重量控制等要求是常规的设计目标,对拉力性能影响不大的旋翼失速问题往往被忽视,但其对高原直升机来说影响重大。文中构建了旋翼动力学模型,并据此计算了桨叶动态气动力矩系数C_(m)随单位实度拉力系数C_(T)/σ的变化曲线。以C_(m)突增作为旋翼失速基本判据,分析不同前进比μ下C_(m)突增点,形成旋翼失速载荷发散单位实度拉力系数C_(T)/σ包线,以此作为旋翼高原气动设计边界之一。运用该方法设计的AC313大型民用直升机的理论分析和试飞结果均表明,该设计可极大地减少旋翼在高原典型飞行剖面发生旋翼失速的风险,有效控制旋翼操纵系统的载荷,增加操纵系统使用寿命,提升飞行舒适性,很大程度上保证了飞行安全,在直升机的全生命周期使用中作用积极。In order to solve the problem that the rotor is working on the high total collective state during highspeed high-altitude heavy load flight of helicopter,which is more prone to stall and leads to a significant increase in control system load,a rotor plateau aerodynamic design method based on load divergence control is proposed.In traditional helicopter rotor design,helicopter performance,noise,and empty weight control are common design goals.The problem of root stall,which has litter impact on the rotor thrust,is often ignored,but it has a significant impact on plateau helicopter.The rotor dynamics model is constructed,and is used to calculate the variation curve of the dynamic aerodynamic moment coefficient C_(m) with thrust coefficient per solidity C_(T)/σ.Then the C_(m) gradient point on the curve is used as the basic criterion for the rotor stall.The C_(m) gradient points under different forward ratioμare analyzed,and the C_(T)/σenvelope of the rotor stall load divergence is formed,which is one of the design boundaries of the plateau rotor.The theoretical analysis and flight test results of helicopter designed by using this method,such as the AC313 large civil helicopter,show that it can greatly reduce the risk of rotor stall in typical flight mission at high altitudes,effectively control the load of the rotor control system,increase the service life of the control system,improve the flight comfort,and greatly ensure flight safety,which is of great significance to the entire life of helicopter.

关 键 词：高原直升机 旋翼失速 铰链力矩 载荷发散控制 气动设计 

分 类 号：V211.52[航空宇航科学与技术—航空宇航推进理论与工程]