机场跑道磁偏角及年变化率测算方法研究与实践  

Research and Practice of the Calculation Method of Airport Runway Magnetic Declination and Annual Change Rate

作　　者：张德会 张捍卫[2] ZHANG Dehui;ZHANG Hanwei(Beijing Huaxing Exploration of New Technology Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 101102,China;Henan Polytechnic University,Jiaozuo 454000,China)

机构地区：[1]北京华星勘查新技术有限公司,北京101102 [2]河南理工大学,河南焦作454000

出　　处：《地理空间信息》2024年第4期114-116,共3页Geospatial Information

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(42074002、41931075)。

摘　　要：为了获取高精度的机场方位基础数据,提高测量精度选择一种中心线偏移测量方案,测量跑道磁偏角以及年度变化率。采用CORS-RTK技术与磁通经纬仪相结合的方法,测算了机场跑道的磁偏角。结合北京首都机场工程实例分析了该方法的可行性,利用RTK高效快速测算真方位角,结合磁通经纬仪测定偏移中心线的磁偏角,进而得到机场跑道线方向的磁偏角,精度优于±6′30″。根据周边44个地磁台站的地磁矢量绝对观测时均值数据,采用NOC分析,得到磁偏角时空变化分量,通过B样条插值和建立曲面样条模型,得到机场跑道基准位置的年变化率为-6′22″。In order to obtain high-precision basic airport azimuth data and improve the measurement accuracy,we selected a centerline offset measurement scheme to calculate the runway magnetic declination and annual change rate.We measured the magnetic declination of airport runway by combining CORS-RTK technology with magnetic flux theodolite.Combining with the project of Beijing Capital Airport,we analyzed the feasibility of this method.Firstly,we used RTK to measure the true azimuth efficiently and quickly,and used magnetic flux theodolite to measure the magnetic declination of offset center line.And then,we obtained the magnetic declination of airport runway line direction.The accuracy was better than±6′30″.According to the absolute observation time mean value data of geomagnetic vector of 44 geomagnetic stations around,we used NOC analysis to obtain the spatio-temporal variation components of magnetic declination.Through B-spline interpolation and the establishment of surface spline model,the annual change rate of airport runway reference position was-6′22″.

关 键 词：真方位 磁偏角 GNSS RTK 磁通仪 

分 类 号：P228[天文地球—大地测量学与测量工程]