论民事诉讼有限第三审终审机制的构建  

On the construction of the final trial mechanism of limited third instance in the civil procedure

作　　者：刘大海 丁丽柏[1] LIU Dahai;DING Libai(School of International Law,Southwest University of Political Science and Law,Chongqing 401120,China)

机构地区：[1]西南政法大学国际法学院,重庆401120

出　　处：《海南大学学报（人文社会科学版）》2024年第3期170-181,共12页Journal of Hainan University （Humanities & Social Sciences）

基　　金：海南省哲学社会科学规划项目(HNSK YB 23-79);最高人民法院司法研究重大项目(ZGFYZDKT202119-01)。

摘　　要：人民法院对个案的审级供给过剩或不足均会产生审级供给与案件审级需求不相适应的“审级—个案矛盾”问题。《民事诉讼法》在“两审终审制”下创设的适用于民事诉讼简易程序中小额诉讼案件的一审终审审级机制,已基本解决了对部分普通案件适用“两审终审制”审级供给过剩问题,但未能解决对一些特殊案件审级供给不足问题。对于一些特殊案件(“六种类型诉讼案件”),与其给予两审终审加再审程序的救济,还不如为其提供包含两个事实审加一个法律审或一个无异议的事实审加一个飞跃上诉法律审的审级终审机制,以查清案件事实和统一法律适用,并不得申请再审。因为我国现阶段尚不具备实行全面的三审终审条件,所以有必要构建一种有限的第三审终审机制以协调当前和今后一个时期司法实践中存在的审级供给与特殊诉讼个案审级需求不相适应的“审级—个案矛盾”问题。The oversupply or undersupply in the trial level in the People's Court will produce"the contradiction between the trial level and the individual case",in which the supply in the trial level does not meet the needs of the trial level of case.Within the trial system of"two instances as the final instance",The Civil Procedure Law of the People's Republic of China sets up the trial mechanism of the first instance as the final instance applicable to the small claims cases in the summary procedure of civil proceedings,which has basically solved the oversupply of the rial level for some ordinary cases applicable to the trial mechanism of"two instances as the final instance",but fails to solve the undersupply of the trial level for some special cases.As for some special cases(six types of litigation cases),the trial mechanism of the final instance,rather than the relief with two instances as the final instance and retrial procedure,should be provided,which includes two factual trials and one legal trial or one factual trial without objection and one leap of appeal legal trial,so as to make a thorough investigation of the facts of cases and unify the application of law with no application for retrial.Since the current conditions for a comprehensive three instances as the final instance are not available in China,it is necessary to construct a trial mechanism of the limited third instance as the final instance to coordinate"the contradiction between the trial level and the individual case"in which the supply in the trial level does not meet the needs of the trial level of special litigation cases in the judicial practice at present and in the future period.

关 键 词：有限第三审终审机制 六种类型诉讼案件 审级供给不足 

分 类 号：D915.2[政治法律—诉讼法学]