第三人承担民事责任的性质重述  

Reinterpreting the nature of civil liability awarded to the third party

作　　者：王佳敏 WANG Jiamin(School of Law,Kyoto University,Kyoto 606-8501,Japan)

机构地区：[1]京都大学法学院,日本京都606-8501

出　　处：《海南大学学报（人文社会科学版）》2024年第3期182-190,共9页Journal of Hainan University （Humanities & Social Sciences）

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重点项目(20AZD118);中国国家留学基金((2020)42号)。

摘　　要：根据《民事诉讼法》第59条第2款后半段,如果当事人向第三人提出责任主张,法院可以直接判决第三人承担民事责任。但“责任”是一个抽象的民法概念,不能代替诉讼请求,就其性质而言,无论“义务说”还是“后果说”都无法解释其与判决的对应关系。民诉法对“责任”的引用,是第三人实务操作不规范的根源,这种不规范体现在当事人不当地处分权利,法院违反辩论原则对第三人作出判决。驱逐“责任”概念后,可以发现,第59条第2款后半段第三人无法类型化,因为这不是一类第三人,而仅仅是一个特殊的诉讼阶段,其特殊性在于第三人诉讼地位的双重性。一个诉讼主体同时是第三人和当事人的理论基础在于第三人之诉的独立性。concept of civil law,which cannot replace a claim.And in terms of its nature,neither"obligation"nor"consequence"can explain its correspondence with the judgment.The ref-erence to"liability"in the civil procedure law is the root of the irregularity of the third-party practice,which is reflected in the improper disposal of the rights by the parties and the court's decision on the third party in vi-olation of the principle of debate.After the expulsion of the concept of"liability",it can be found that the lat-ter of No.59(2)cannot be typified as a third party,because it is not the category of the third party,but only a special stage of litigation.Its particularity lies in the duality of the third party's litigation status.The rationale for a person to be both the third party and the party lies in the independence of the sue towards the third party.

关 键 词：无独立请求权第三人 民事责任 被告型第三人 

分 类 号：D915.2[政治法律—诉讼法学]