桑枝还田对土壤养分和微生物群落的影响  

Effects of the Decomposition of Mulberry Pruning Debris on Soil Nutrients and Microbial Communities

作　　者：宋长贵 魏忠铃 赵珮 宋志光 杨碧文 张莉鑫 刘晓姣 SONG Changgui;WEI Zhongling;ZHAO Pei;SONG Zhiguang;YANG Biwen;ZHANG Lixin;LIU Xiaojiao(Chongqing Sericulture Science and Technology Research Institute,Chongqing 400700;College of Sericulture,Textile and Biomass Science,Southwest University,Chongqing 400715;College of Plant Protection,Southwest University,Chongqing 400715)

机构地区：[1]重庆市蚕业科学技术研究院,重庆400700 [2]西南大学蚕桑纺织与生物质科学学院,重庆400715 [3]西南大学植物保护学院,重庆400715

出　　处：《核农学报》2024年第6期1175-1185,共11页Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：重庆市科研机构绩效激励引导专项(cstc2022jxjl80010);重庆市蚕业科学技术研究院绩效激励引导专项(scky2022jxjlyf02-3-4)。

摘　　要：为研究不同桑枝还田处理对桑园土壤养分与微生物群落的影响,在室内采用分解袋掩埋法处理桑枝屑,设置双因子变量,即桑枝用量(全量、半量、未添加)和施氮方式(不施氮、0 d施一次氮、28 d施一次氮、施两次氮),共12个处理,处理35 d后进行桑枝残留量测定、土壤理化性质检测和微生物16S、ITS扩增子测序。结果表明,桑枝分解情况主要受施氮方式影响。添加桑枝处理较未添加明显提升了土壤有机质含量,而施氮处理较未施氮则明显提高了碱解氮含量。在土壤微生物丰富度与多样性上,桑枝用量是主要影响因子,添加全量桑枝处理较其余处理均显著降低了微生物的Chao1和Shannon指数。桑枝用量和施氮方式均可影响微生物群落的分布,以桑枝用量影响程度更高。冗余分析结果表明,pH值、有机质、碱解氮含量与微生物群落分布密切相关。添加桑枝处理较未添加极显著提升了粪壳菌纲的相对丰度,而施氮处理则较未施氮极显著提升了硝化螺旋菌纲相对丰度。与未添加桑枝处理相比,添加桑枝处理显著富集了微杆菌属、Ellin6067、MND1、芽孢八叠球菌属、假单胞菌属、链霉菌属、顶孢霉属、Gibellulopsis、杯盘菌属。进一步分析富集真菌的生态功能发现,桑枝分解主要提升了土壤中腐生营养型真菌的相对丰度(全量为58.96%、半量为58.39%、未添加为23.74%)。本研究结果为解释桑枝还田的微生态效应提供了理论依据。To investigate the effects of the amount of adding mulberry pruning debris and nitrogen application on soil nutrients and microbial communities in a mulberry orchard,a pot experiment was conducted using dried and milled mulberry pruning debris along with mulberry orchard soils by nylon bags.The experiment used two-factor variables,including the amount of adding mulberry pruning debris(full amounts,half amounts,and none)and nitrogen application methods[no nitrogen application,one-time application at the beginning,one-time application at 28 days,and twice application(beginning and 28 days)].The mulberry residues,soil physic-chemical properties and the structure of microbial communities based on 16S and ITS sequencing were assessed over a period of 35 days.The results showed that,the decomposition of mulberry pruning debris was primarily influenced by the methods of nitrogen application.The treatments of adding mulberry pruning debris significantly increased the soil organic matter compared to the non-addition treatments,while nitrogen application significantly increased the soil alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen compared to the non-addition treatment.The amount of adding mulberry pruning debris was the main factor influencing soil microbial richness and diversity,and adding full amounts of mulberry pruning debris significantly reduced the Chao1 and Shannon indices of soil microorganisms compared to other treatments.Both mulberry pruning debris and nitrogen application could significantly influence the distribution of microbial communities,but the amount of adding mulberry pruning debris had a more significant impact on fungal distribution compared to nitrogen application methods.The results of redundant analysis(RDA)revealed a strong correlation between the microbial community distribution and the contents of soil pH,organic matter,and alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen.The addition of mulberry pruning debris highly significantly increased the relative abundance of Sordariomycetes,while the application of nitrogen highly sign

关 键 词：桑枝用量 施氮方式 土壤养分 土壤微生物 腐生营养型真菌 

分 类 号：S158[农业科学—土壤学] S154.3[农业科学—农业基础科学]