边政、市场与盐政——清前期鄂尔多斯、阿拉善食盐内输管理比较研究  

Frontier Policy,Market and Salt Policy:A Comparative Study of the Internal Transport of Salt in Alax and Ordos in the Pre-Qing Period

作　　者：李璐男 Li Lunan

机构地区：[1]厦门大学历史与文化遗产学院,厦门361000

出　　处：《中国经济史研究》2024年第2期24-35,共12页Researches in Chinese Economic History

基　　金：贵州省2021年度哲学社会科学规划国学单列课题“清代盐政与边疆治理研究”(批准号:21GZGX17)阶段性成果之一。

摘　　要：清前期的边政、市场与盐政互相交织,互相影响。鄂尔多斯和阿拉善虽都属蒙古部族,但因两者所处边地局势不同,其对口内食盐市场和盐政的影响各异,清廷对其食盐内输的管理政策也有所不同。早在顺治年间,清廷即允许鄂尔多斯所产食盐在口内流通,康熙年间甚至在不顾及口内盐政运作的情况下,允许鄂尔多斯扩大口内食盐市场。而因漠西蒙古地区局势不稳,直到平定准噶尔后清廷才允许阿拉善食盐进入口内。随着北部边疆局势逐渐稳定,为解决因乾隆二十二年(1757)解池减产引发的河东盐政危机,清廷同意河东借行蒙盐。阿拉善借机与清廷合作,迅速扩大其在口内的食盐市场,迫使此后清廷多次调整相应的食盐管理政策;而鄂尔多斯不予借盐,其口内食盐市场维持原状,相关管理亦保持不变。In the early Qing,the dynamics of frontier politics,markets,and salt administration were intricately intertwone.Although both Ordos and Alax belonged to the Mongolian tribes,their distinct border situations led to varied influences on the interior salt market and salt administration.The Qing court implemented different policies for managing the internal transport of salt in response to these dynamics.The Qing court permitted the salt produced by Ordos to circulate in the interior as early as the Shunzhi period.And during the Kangxi period,it allowed the expansion of the Ordos salt market in the interior,regardless of the salt administration in the interior.In contrast,due to the unstable conditions in the northwestern Mongolian region,the Qing court only permitted Alxa salt to enter the interior after pacifying Junggar.As the situation on the northern frontier stabilized,and in response to the crisis in Hedong caused by the reduction in Jiechi production in 1757,Qing court agreed to lend salt from Mongolia to the Hedong.Alax seized this opportunity to collaborate with the Qing court and swiftly expanded the salt market in the interior,subsequently compelling the Qing court to adjust its management policy multiple times.In contrast,Ordos declined to lend salt,maintaining the status quo in its interior salt market and associated management practices.

关 键 词：清朝 边政 盐政 内输 市场 

分 类 号：D691[政治法律—政治学] K249[政治法律—中外政治制度]