列强博弈与清末商标立法(1903-1911)  

Great Power Game in the Process of Trademark Legislation in the Late Qing Dynasty(1903-1911)

作　　者：孟凡礼[1] Meng Fanli

机构地区：[1]曲阜师范大学历史文化学院,曲阜273165

出　　处：《中国经济史研究》2024年第2期124-136,共13页Researches in Chinese Economic History

摘　　要：在清政府主导之下,自1903至1911年开始了近代中国第一次商标立法的进程,该次立法最终以失败收场。列强之间的博弈是导致立法失败的重要原因,而列强博弈的焦点集中在对商标权的争夺之上。导致列强在这一问题上产生矛盾的原因,大抵有两方面:一是日本利用距离上接近中国的优势大量抢注商标,引起各国的不满;二是英美法系与大陆法系在商标权的获得问题上存在不同规定,这使得各国在中国的商标注册问题上无法达成一致。这一问题本质是各国对扩张在华经济权益“比较优势”的争夺,而此种“优势”带有零和博弈属性,各国愿望无法全部满足,清政府的商标立法因此也难以推进。列强间的博弈不仅影响了清末商标立法的结局,还对近代中国商标法制的内容产生了重要影响。From 1903 to 1911,the Qing government launched the first trademark legislation in modern China,which ended in failure.The game among the great powers was an important reason for the failure of legislation,and the focus of the game among the great powers was on the competition for trademark rights.There were roughly two reasons for the contradictions between the powers on this issue:firstly,Japan took advantage of its proximity to China to register a large number of trademarks,causing dissatisfaction in other countries;secondly,there were different provisions on the acquisition of trademark rights between the common law system and the civil law system,which made it impossible for countries to reach an agreement on trademark registration in China.The essence of this problem was that the great powers compete for the"comparative advantage"of expanding their economic rights and interests in China,but this"advantage"was a zero-sum game.The wishes of all countries could not be fully satisfied,and the trademark legislation of the Qing government was therefore difficult to promote.The game among the great powers not only affected the outcome of the trademark legislation in the late Qing Dynasty,but also had an important impact on the content of the trademark legal system in modern China.

关 键 词：商标立法 《商标注册试办章程》 商标互保协定 列强博弈 

分 类 号：K249[历史地理—历史学] D923.43[历史地理—中国史]