性别差异视角的人力资本理论研究进展  

Research Progress on Human Capital Theory from the Perspective of Gender Differences

作　　者：彭新宇[1] 邹幸芸 傅昱豪 PENG Xinyu;ZOU Xingyun;FU Yuhao(Changsha University of Science&Technology,Changsha,China)

机构地区：[1]长沙理工大学经济与管理学院,410076

出　　处：《经济学动态》2024年第2期145-160,共16页Economic Perspectives

摘　　要：人力资本是驱动经济增长的关键因素之一,对劳动力市场结构、收入分配以及社会福利体系有深刻影响,具有重要的经济学研究意义。随着性别经济学领域研究的不断深化与扩展,学者们越来越重视从性别差异视角研究人力资本理论。本文从教育投资、职业选择、公司管理和差异平衡四个方面系统地回顾了性别差异视角的人力资本理论研究进展。首先,从家庭教育和继续教育两个角度探讨了教育投资中的性别差异;其次,将职业性别隔离划分为横向隔离和纵向隔离,并从供给侧和需求侧对职业选择中的性别分化进行了研究;再次,从工资收入、董事会性别多样性与女性进入壁垒三个方面分析了公司管理中的性别差异;最后,从人力资本投资、职场透明度、职场地位和政策干预四个方面梳理了平衡人力资本性别差异的一些措施。本文旨在为国内经济学理论创新贡献见解,并为研究中国特定问题提供学术借鉴。Human capital is one of the key factors driving economic growth.It has a profound impact on the labor market structure,income distribution,and social welfare system,and has important economic research significance.Narrowing the gender gap has always been an important goal set by the United Nations.Although countries around the world have made certain progress in gender equality by the Millennium Development Goals,the situation of discrimination against women is still severe.In 2015,the United Nations once again proposed“gender equality”in the Sustainable Development Goals,aiming to empower all women and girls.In October 2023,Claudia Goldin,professor of the Department of Economics at Harvard University,was awarded the Nobel Prize in Economics for“identifying the key drivers of gender differences in the labor market”.This once again aroused academic attention to gender differences.As research in the field of gender economics continues to deepen and expand,the perspective of gender differences begins to be integrated into the study of human capital theory.This paper systematically reviews the research progress of human capital theory from the perspective of gender differences from four aspects:educational investment,career choice,company management,and difference balance.First,it explores gender differences in educational investment from the perspectives of family education and continuing education;second,it divides occupational gender segregation into horizontal and vertical segregation,and conducts research on gender differentiation in career choice at the supply side and demand side;third,the gender differences in company management are analyzed from three aspects:salary income,gender diversity of the board of directors and female entry barriers;finally,it sorts out some measures that balance the gender differences in human capital from the four aspects of human capital investment,workplace transparency,workplace status and policy intervention.This paper aims to contribute insights into the theoretical in

关 键 词：人力资本理论 性别经济学 教育投资 职业隔离 收入不平等 

分 类 号：F249.2[经济管理—劳动经济] C913.14[经济管理—国民经济]