恩义终难断:传统中国的“大义灭亲”——以“石碏杀子”案及历代评析为中心  

En and Yi Are Hard to Sever after All:Traditional China's "da yi mie qin":Centering on the Case "Shi Que Killed His Son"and Its Commentaries

作　　者：李启成[1,2] Li Qicheng

机构地区：[1]北京大学法学院 [2]北京大学近代法研究所,100871

出　　处：《世界社会科学》2024年第1期183-210,247,共29页SOCIAL SCIENCES INTERNATIONAL

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“《资治通鉴》中的政法理论与实践研究”(21BFX003)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：传统中国存在很多“大义灭亲”行为,《左传》记载的“石碏杀子”为其“祖述”案例。历代君相、文人士夫针对此案,结合各自所处的时势,从策略、居心到影响所及的风俗,有褒贬悬殊的评判。“大义灭亲”正当性之小大一则取决于“灭”与“被灭”者之间的伦常尊卑关系;二则取决于该行为所欲成就之“大义”的内容。随着君主专制的强化并最终趋于独裁之势,君臣大义几获垄断地位。即便如此,因大义灭亲“残骨肉”“陷良臣”“杀子孙”“害兄弟”,始终未获得充足的正当性,盖人于天地之间,恩义终难断。In traditional China,there are numerous instances"placing righteousness above family loyalty"(da yi mie qin),"Shi Que killed his son"recorded in Zuo Zhuan is the first case they followed.Emperors and prime ministers as well as the literati and Scholar-bureaucrats in all dynasties,left commentaries on this case with great disparity between praise and criticism.The justification of such behavior depends on the ethical and hierarchical relationship between the person who carries out the act of ruining and his kin or intimate who is ruined,and also depends on the content of righteousness(da yi)which the behavior aims to achieve.As the absolutism of monarchy strengthened and tended towards dictatorship,the principle of righteousness between emperor and ministers almost gains a monopoly."Damaging immediate relatives""undermining loyalists""killing sons and grandsons"and"harming brothers"for the sake of"da yi mie qin",however,still could not be completely justified.

关 键 词：传统文化 伦常尊卑 君臣大义 

分 类 号：K22[历史地理—历史学]