美国高等教育普及化阶段“以学生为中心”的教学改革成效探析——基于“全美大学生学习性投入调查(NSSE)”2001-2018年数据研究  

The Effectiveness of Student-Centered Teaching Reform in the United States during the Popularization Period of Higher Education——Eighteen-year exploration based on the National Survey of Student Engagement(NSSE)

作　　者：黄雨恒 史静寰[2] HUANG Yuheng;SHI Jinghuan(College of Education,Capital Normal University,Beijing 100048,China;Institute of Education,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China)

机构地区：[1]首都师范大学教育学院,北京100048 [2]清华大学教育研究院,北京100084

出　　处：《教育学报》2024年第2期150-164,共15页Journal of Educational Studies

基　　金：国家社科基金“‘一带一路’建设背景下民族院校少数民族大学生职业胜任力的培养机制研究”(20CMZ024)。

摘　　要：本科教学改革是高校持续推进入才培养创新的重要举措。20世纪70年代以来,美国高校为走出高等教育普及化初期质量低谷,广泛开展“以学生为中心”的教学改革。基于“全美大学生学习性投入调查(NSSE)”2001—2018年约500万本科生样本数据的研究发现,在此次改革中,美国高等教育领域积极回归以学生能力增值为导向的通识性教学目标,涵养以学习主体性、社会建构性和真实情境性为特征的教学生态,营造有利于大学生学习投入的教学环境,并借助学生调查完善教学质量反馈机制。21世纪以来,美国本科教学质量显著提升,但逐渐进入“高原”瓶颈期。具体表现为:本科生能力增值明显,教学过程中反思性学习、合作式学习、课堂表达和生师互动行为显著增加,院校的学业和社会性支持持续增强,但同时多个教学质量指标逐渐趋于停滞甚至有所下降。总体而言,“以学生为中心”的教学改革对保持美国高校人才培养的全球竞争力产生了积极影响。Undergraduate teaching reform is an inexhaustible driving force for innovation in talent cultivation in universities.This study reviews the theory and practice of“student-centered”teaching reform promoted by the United States to overcome the“quality trough”of the popularization stage and presents the level and trend of quality indicators related to learning engagement and learning support in undergraduate teaching in the United States using sample data from the“National Survey of Student Engagement(NSSE)”of approximately 5 million undergraduate students from 2001 to 2018.Research has found that in this reform,American universities have actively returned to the goal of general education guided by the appreciation of students’abilities,cultivated a teaching ecology characterized by learning subjectivity,social constructivism,and real-life situational awareness,created a teaching environment conducive to college students’learning engagement,and improved teaching quality feedback mechanisms based on student surveys.Since the new century,the quality of undergraduate teaching in the United States has steadily improved,but there has gradually been a“plateau phenomenon”.Specifically,undergraduate students have significantly improved their abilities,significantly increasing reflective learning,collaborative learning,classroom expression,and teacher-student interaction behavior.Additionally,academic and social support from universities continues to be enhanced,and multiple teaching quality indicators have stabilized and stagnated in recent years.In general,the student-centered teaching reform has profoundly impacted the global competitiveness of talent cultivation in American universities.

关 键 词：高等教育普及化阶段 以学生为中心 美国本科教学改革 

分 类 号：G649[文化科学—高等教育学]