城市工业机器人渗透与中国制造业出口——来自多维数据的证据  

Urban Industrial Robot Penetration and China's Manufacturing Exports:Evidence from Multidimensional Data

作　　者：袁劲 刘啟仁 赵灿 YUAN Jin;LIU Qiren;ZHAO Can(Guangzhou University,Guangzhou,China)

机构地区：[1]广州大学经济与统计学院,510006

出　　处：《经济学动态》2024年第3期25-43,共19页Economic Perspectives

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重点项目“数字化转型赋能贸易强国建设的机制、路径与对策研究”(23AJL011);教育部人文社会科学规划项目“工业机器人兴起、劳动替代与工人健康研究:理论与实证分析”(22YJA790037)。

摘　　要：本文从区域异质性角度构造了中国城市层面的工业机器人渗透度,并将中国机器人使用的相关研究从劳动市场拓展至产品市场,定量分析了城市工业机器人渗透度对产品出口的影响及其影响机制。本文采用“企业—产品—出口市场—时间”四个维度的微观数据,发现中国的城市工业机器人渗透度提高1%,企业内部产品在海外目的国市场的出口额增长了0.112%,原因是城市工业机器人渗透挤出了制造业企业低技能劳动者、吸纳了高技能劳动者,因此,制造业企业人力资本升级;并且,机器人使用提高了企业的生产效率。最终,企业可以通过“降价提量”的方式推动产品出口额增长。控制“城市对—时间”固定效应和采用工具变量的回归结果显示,以上结论均稳健。进一步分析,发现城市工业机器人渗透对低技术和劳动密集型行业以及低收入群体的冲击较大。Robots are known as the“pearl at the top of the manufacturing crown”.The robot industry is not only a representative one on the road to becoming a manufacturing powerhouse,but also a key one in promoting China's manufacturing industry to become high-end and intelligent.Existing studies have mainly explored the impact of industrial robots on China's labor market,but have not examined the impact of robot penetration on intra-firm product export behavior from the perspective of regional heterogeneity.This paper constructs an indicator of the penetration of industrial robots in cities,which has important economic implications.This indicator takes into account both the comparative advantage of cities and the impact of industrial robots.The larger indicator indicates that a city has a greater comparative advantage and is more exposed to exogenous shocks from industrial robots.Using the constructed penetration indicator of urban industrial robots,this paper studies the impact of urban industrial robot penetration on the export of products within firms by adopting the four-dimensional data of“firm-product-export market-time”.It extends relevant research on China's industrial robots from the labor market to the product market.The results show that when the penetration of urban industrial robots increases,the export value of intra-firm products in the destination market tends to increase,which is driven by the channel of“price reduction and volume increase”of firms.Specifically,a 1%increase in the penetration of industrial robots in a city significantly reduces the price of firms'product exports by 0.050%.By lowering the price,the quantity of products exported by firms increases by 0.125%.As the“quantity effect”outweighs the“price effect”,the final export value of products in the overseas destination market increases by 0.112%.Thus,in general,the use of industrial robots is favorable to firm export performance.Mechanism analysis shows that,on one hand,the increased penetration of industrial robots crowd

关 键 词：工业机器人 渗透度 产品出口 

分 类 号：F752.62[经济管理—国际贸易] F424[经济管理—产业经济]