主宾易位的语义制约和语用选择  

Semantic Restriction and Pragmatic Choice of S-O Reversed Sentence

作　　者：孙道功[1] 冷梅洁 SUN Dao-gong;LENG Mei-jie(School of Chinese Language and Literature,Nanjing Normal University,Nanjing Jiangsu 210097,China)

机构地区：[1]南京师范大学文学院,南京210097

出　　处：《语言研究》2024年第2期1-10,共10页Studies in Language and Linguistics

基　　金：国家哲学社会科学基金项目“现代汉语句法-语义接口的语用制约研究”(20BYY168);教育部人文社科规划基金项目“基于语义知识库的名核结构的句法-语义接口研究”(19YJA740048);江苏省社会科学基金项目“词汇-句法语义链接知识库的开发与应用研究”(19YYB008)。

摘　　要：主宾易位句作为一种特殊句式,长期以来受到汉语学界的关注。文章在回溯梳理相关研究成果的基础上,从语义和语用两个维度,考察了主宾易位的语义制约特点及语用选择机制。结论认为:语义制约表现为对立性特征模糊化、动核的动作性弱化、语义指向的双向化。语用选择机制表现为主题和焦点的转换、语境的适应性、语篇的动态选择性的制约。主宾易位是语义和语用互动作用的结果,认知是语义和语用的关联纽带。在语义层面,句式中虽然存在多重语义关系,但是在人的认知域中最基础的语义关系具有固定性。在语用层面,言语交际中所表达的句式需要依据交际双方共有的背景知识语境和认知能力进行推理从而获得符合特定语境的语用解释。As a unique syntactic structure,the S-O Reversal sentence has long attracted the attention of Chinese scholars.On the basis of reviewing relevant research results,this paper examines the semantic restriction and pragmatic selection mechanism of S-O reversed sentence from semantic and pragmatic dimensions.The conclusion is that semantic constraint are manifested by ambiguity of oppositional features,weakening of dynamic core action,and bidirectional semantic orientation.Pragmatic selection mechanism is manifested by the change of theme and focus,the adaptability of context,and the dynamic selective restriction of discourse.The S-O reversed sentence is the result of the interaction between semantics and pragmatics,and cognition is the link between semantics and pragmatics.At the semantic level,although there are multiple semantic relations in sentence patterns,the basic semantic relations in cognitive domain are fixed.At the pragmatic level,the sentence pattern expressed in verbal communication need to be inferred according to the common background knowledge context and cognitive ability of both parties in order to obtain pragmatic interpretation in accordance with the specific context.

关 键 词：主宾易位句 语义制约 语用选择 互动机制 

分 类 号：H146[语言文字—汉语]