创业失败后的印象管理策略:量表开发及其对评价合法性的预测效度  

Impression Management Strategies after Entrepreneurial Failure:Scale Development and Predictive Effects on Evaluative Legitimacy

作　　者：陈依 于晓宇[2] 蔡莉[3] CHEN Yi;YU Xiao-yu;CAI Li(School of Management,Zhejiang University of Technology,Hangzhou,Zhejiang,310023,China;School of Management,Shanghai University,Shanghai,200444,China;School of Business and Management,Jilin University,Changchun,Jilin,130012,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江工业大学管理学院,浙江杭州310023 [2]上海大学管理学院,上海200444 [3]吉林大学商学与管理学院,吉林长春130012

出　　处：《经济管理》2024年第3期186-208,共23页Business and Management Journal ( BMJ )

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重大项目“创新驱动创业的重大理论与实践问题研究”(72091310)子课题一“数字经济下的创新驱动创业的基础理论”(72091315);国家自然科学基金青年项目“从创业失败到求职成功:基于印象管理视角的解释”(72202215);上海市教育委员会科研创新计划(重大项目)“中国本土创业学核心理论的突破与建构”(2019-01-07-00-09-E00078)。

摘　　要：创业失败通常给创业者带来污名,威胁创业者的形象和声誉。印象管理策略是创业者向受众叙述“失败故事”,以维护受损形象、获得合法性的重要手段。本文旨在挖掘创业失败后印象管理策略的内涵和结构,并开发测量量表。本文采用扎根理论编码技术提炼出承担责任、推卸责任、积极定义和示弱四类印象管理策略,并开发量表。随后,通过两轮问卷调研,采用探索性因子分析和验证性因子分析对量表进行验证,发现推卸责任策略可以细分为两个子维度:推责于环境和推责于他人。最后,检验印象管理策略对投资者评价合法性的预测作用,使用创业者和投资者配对数据的研究结果显示,四类印象管理策略对评价合法性的预测效果存在显著差异。Entrepreneurial failure often stigmatizes entrepreneurs and threatens their images.Impression management is a crucial communicative strategy for entrepreneurs to manage failure and gain legitimacy through telling“failure stories”to organizational audiences.This study aimed to explore the unique structure and connotation of impression management strategies after entrepreneurial failure and to elucidate the mechanisms how impression management strategies influence investors’evaluative legitimacy.This research collected entrepreneurs’initial narritives after entrepreneurial failure from media,and clarified the concept and develop a scale of impression management strategies after entrepreneurial failure.Then this study utilized exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis to test the reliability and validity of the scale.The results show that entrepreneurs mainly adopt four types of impression management strategies:accepting responsibility,denying responsibility(including denying responsibility to environment and denying responsibility to others),defining in a positive light,and supplication.Subsequently,this study examined whether entrepreneurs’impression management strategies improve or hamper investors’evaluation of legitimacy.Using paired data from entrepreneurs and their corresponding investors,this study found that accepting responsibility strategy is positively associated with evaluative legitimacy,the strategy of denying responsibility to others is negatively associated with evaluative legitimacy,and the strategies of denying responsibility to environment,defining in a positive light,and supplication have no significant effects on evaluative legitimacy.This study has several theoretical contributions to the research of entrepreneurial failure and impression management theories.First,this study clarifies the nature of impression management strategies after entrepreneurial failure and developed a scale for the specific concept,to provide a measurement for future related research.Seco

关 键 词：创业失败 印象管理策略 评价合法性 量表开发 

分 类 号：F276.9[经济管理—企业管理]