社区老年人嗅觉功能障碍与轻度认知障碍的相关性研究  

Relationship between olfactory dysfunction and mild cognitive impairment among elderly people in community

作　　者：张琳之 孙超 胡慧秀[2] 赵雅洁[3] 罗欢欢 高杰 Zhang Linzhi;Sun Chao;Hu Huixiu;Zhao Yajie;Luo Huanhuan;Gao Jie(Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences&Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College Peking Union Medical College,Beijing 100730,China;Nursing Department,Beijing Hospital&National Center of Geriatrics&Institute of Geriatrics,Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences,Beijing 100730,China;Department of Cardiology,Beijing Hospital&National Center of Geriatrics&Institute of Geriatrics,Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences,Beijing 100730,China;School of Nursing,Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences&Peking Union Medical College,Beijing 100144,China)

机构地区：[1]中国医学科学院、北京协和医学院研究生院,北京100730 [2]北京医院护理部、国家老年医学中心、中国医学科学院老年医学研究院,北京100730 [3]北京医院心内科、国家老年医学中心、中国医学科学院老年医学研究院,北京100730 [4]中国医学科学院、北京协和医学院护理学院,北京100144

出　　处：《中华现代护理杂志》2024年第13期1757-1763,共7页Chinese Journal of Modern Nursing

基　　金：中国医学科学院医学与健康科技创新工程项目(2022-I2M-C&T-B-110);中华护理学会2022年度科研课题(ZHKYQ202216);国家自然科学基金项目(72304046)。

摘　　要：目的探讨社区老年人的嗅觉功能障碍与轻度认知障碍(MCI)的相关性,为MCI人群的筛查和危险因素管理提供参考。方法采用便利抽样法,于2023年3—6月选取北京市东花市社区、方庄社区的老年人为研究对象,采用一般资料调查问卷、简易精神状态检查量表、蒙特利尔认知评估量表、日常生活活动能力量表、Sniffin'Sticks气味识别测试、广泛性焦虑量表、老年抑郁评估量表对研究对象进行调查,采用二元Logistic回归分析社区老年人发生MCI的影响因素。结果共发放问卷252份,回收有效问卷243份,问卷有效回收率为96.4%(243/252)。243名社区老年人中,75名发生MCI,MCI的发生率为30.9%(75/243)。二元Logistic回归分析结果显示,有嗅觉障碍的老年人发生MCI的概率是没有嗅觉障碍老年人的1.979倍;年龄、既往职业类型和脑力活动频率是发生MCI的影响因素(P<0.05)。结论社区老年人MCI的发生率较高,有嗅觉障碍的老年人发生MCI的概率更高,护理人员应关注嗅觉功能障碍在认知功能筛查和危险因素管理中的作用。Objective To explore the relationship between olfactory dysfunction and mild cognitive impairment(MCI)among elderly people in the community so as to provide a reference for screening and risk factor management of the MCI population.Methods From March to June 2023,elderly individuals from Donghuashi and Fangzhuang communities in Beijing were selected as the study subjects by convenience sampling.Study subjects were surveyed using the General Information Questionnaire,Mini-Mental State Examination,Montreal Cognitive Assessment,Barthel Index,Sniffin'Sticks Test,7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale,and 15-item Geriatric Depression Scale.Binary logistic regression was used to analyze the factors that influence MCI among elderly people in the community.Results A total of 252 questionnaires were distributed and 243 valid questionnaires were collected,with an effective response rate of 96.4%(243/252).Among 243 elderly people in the community,75 experienced MCI,with an incidence of 30.9%(75/243).Binary Logistic regression analysis showed that the probability of MCI in elderly people with olfactory dysfunctions was 1.979 times that in elderly people without olfactory dysfunctions and age,previous occupational type and frequency of mental activity were the influencing factors for the occurrence of MCI(P<0.05).Conclusions The incidence of MCI is high among elderly people in the community,especially those with olfactory dysfunctions.Nursing staff should pay attention to the role of olfactory dysfunction in cognitive function screening and risk factor management.

关 键 词：老年人 轻度认知障碍 嗅觉障碍 危险因素 

分 类 号：R749.16[医药卫生—神经病学与精神病学]