涉外民事诉讼管辖权中的适当联系原则:理论阐释与适用路径  

The Principle of Proper Connection in International Civil Jurisdiction:Theoretical Explanation and Applicable Approaches

作　　者：郭镇源 Guo Zhenyuan

机构地区：[1]北京大学法学院

出　　处：《国际法研究》2024年第2期127-142,共16页Chinese Review of International Law

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“国际私法视域下中国法域外适用的制度构建研究”(20&ZD202);国家社科基金一般项目“统筹推进国内法治和涉外法治视野下的国际民事诉讼管辖权制度完善研究”(22BFX145)的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：2023年修正的《中华人民共和国民事诉讼法》第276条第2款确立了基于“适当联系”的涉外民事诉讼管辖原则(下文简称适当联系原则)。这一原则源自最高人民法院审理涉外民商事案件的司法实践。“联系”是现代国际民事诉讼管辖权理论的重要考量因素,适当联系原则符合国际法与国际主流观点。基于现有立法与相关案例,适当联系原则既不同于以扩张管辖权为目的的“最低限度联系”原则,也不同于非以扩张管辖权为目的的必要管辖权制度,是具有谦抑性和适度扩张性的涉外管辖原则。适当联系原则体现了国际民事诉讼管辖权制度灵活化的发展趋势,回应了中国扩大涉外民事案件管辖范围的需求,对涉外法治建设具有重要意义。适当联系原则不仅可以如已有的司法案例所示,适用于确定涉外标准必要专利诉讼的管辖权,还可以在涉外反垄断诉讼中作为确定管辖权的兜底条款,在反制裁追偿诉讼中亦可适用。适当联系原则与平行诉讼规则的交互作用可以实现在扩大法院受案范围的同时,避免增加国际管辖权积极冲突的风险。The Article 276 of new Civil Procedure Law published on September,2023 establishes the international civil jurisdiction based on“proper connection”,which derived from the judicial practice of the Supreme People's Court in hearing objections to jurisdiction in foreign-related civil disputes.“Connection”is an important element of the modern theory of jurisdiction in international civil proceedings,and the principle of proper connection is consistent with international law and the mainstream of international view.Based on the current legislative texts and cases,the principle of proper connection is different from both the“minimum connect”principle of the United States and the“forum of necessity”principle of countries of European Union,which is expressed as a properly expansive principle of foreign jurisdiction but with certain modesty.The principle of proper connection reflects the trend of flexibility of international civil jurisdictional theory and the demand of expanding the foreign-related civil jurisdictional scope of China's courts,which is meaningful for the construction of foreign related rule of law.The principle of proper connection can not only be applied in Standard Essential Patents(SEPs)cases,but also can be used as miscellaneous provisions of jurisdiction of the doctrine of effect in foreign-related antitrust cases.Meanwhile,it can also be applied in the anti-sanction clawback litigation.The interaction of the principle of proper connection and the rules of lis pendens could also avoid increasing the risk of positive conflicts of international jurisdiction while expanding the scope of jurisdiction of the Chinese courts.

关 键 词：国际民事诉讼 管辖权 适当联系 最低限度联系 必要管辖 效果原则 

分 类 号：D925.1[政治法律—诉讼法学] D997.3[政治法律—法学]