基于钴酸锂/镍酸锂体系的18650锂离子电池针刺滥用热失控颗粒喷发物特性  

Characteristics of ejected particles from 18650 lithium-ion batteries based on lithium cobalt oxide/lithium nickel oxide system during thermal runaway caused by nail penetration

作　　者：薛耀 刘洁[1] 李伟峰[1,2] 高镇海[1] 王贺武[2] XUE Yao;LIU Jie;LI Weifeng;GAO Zhenhai;WANG Hewu(National Key Laboratory of Automotive Chassis Integration and Bionics,Jilin University,Changchun 130022,China;State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Green Vehicle and Mobility(Former:State Key Laboratory of Automotive Safety and Energy),Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China)

机构地区：[1]吉林大学汽车底盘集成与仿生全国重点实验室,长春130022 [2]清华大学,绿色智能车辆与交通全国重点实验室(原汽车安全与节能国家重点实验室),北京100083

出　　处：《汽车安全与节能学报》2024年第2期193-198,共6页Journal of Automotive Safety and Energy

基　　金：汽车安全与节能国家重点实验室开放基金课题(KFY2224);国家自然科学基金项目(52202440);吉林省科技发展计划项目(20220508003RC)。

摘　　要：为揭示锂离子电池热失控颗粒喷发物特性,以钴酸锂/镍酸锂体系的圆柱型18650锂离子电池为研究对象,在满电状态下进行了针刺滥用实验研究。收集颗粒喷发物并按照粒径区间0~0.1、0.10~0.25、0.25~0.5和>0.5 mm分成4份样品,表征和分析颗粒喷发物质量、形貌、粒径和元素组成等理化特性。结果表明:热失控后电池质量损失了40.22%,颗粒喷发物占电池损失质量的40.64%;粒径区间为0~0.1 mm的颗粒喷发物主要为球形或不规则状的黑色固体粉末,表面粗糙有裂痕;累计体积百分比为10%、50%和90%的颗粒喷发物分别对应的颗粒直径为15.66、131.46和481.64μm;颗粒喷发物中主要金属元素为镍、铝、钴、铜和锂,共占总元素含量的49.98%。该研究为揭示圆柱型18650锂离子电池颗粒喷发物形成机理以及合理处置提供参考。An experimental study on acupuncture abuse of cylindrical 18650 lithium-ion batteries with lithium cobalt/nickelate system was carried out under full charge state to reveal the characteristics of lithium-ion battery ejected particles during thermal runaway.The ejected particles were collected and divided into 4 samples according to the ejected particle size ranges of 0~0.1,0.10~0.25,0.25~0.5 and>0.5 mm.The mass,morphology,particle size and elemental composition of the particles were characterized and analyzed.The results show that the mass loss of the battery is 40.22%after thermal runaway,and the ejected particles accounts for 40.64%of the mass loss.The ejected particles with the particle size range of 0~0.1mm are mainly spherical or irregular black solid powder with rough surface and cracks.The cumulative volume percentages of ejected particles of 10%,50%and 90%correspond to the particle diameters of 15.659,131.457 and 481.643μm,respectively.The main metal elements in the ejected particles are nickel,aluminum,cobalt,copper and lithium,accounting for 49.98%of the total element content.This study provides a reference for revealing the formation mechanism and reasonable disposal of ejected particles in cylindrical 18650 lithium-ion battery.

关 键 词：锂离子电池 安全性 热失控 颗粒喷发物 

分 类 号：X932[环境科学与工程—安全科学] TM911[电气工程—电力电子与电力传动]