全株小麦青贮适宜收获期及青贮添加剂配比技术的研究  

Optimizing Harvest Timing and Silage Additive Ratio for Improved Whole Wheat Silage Quality

作　　者：许能祥[1] 梁朔玮 张文洁[1] 顾洪如[1] 丁成龙[1] XU Nengxiang;LIANG Shuowei;ZHANG Wenjie;GU Hongru;DING Chenglong(Institute of Animal Science,Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Crop and Animal Integrated Farming,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Nanjing 210014,China)

机构地区：[1]江苏省农业科学院畜牧研究所/农业农村部种养结合重点实验室,江苏南京210014

出　　处：《中国草地学报》2024年第4期43-51,共9页Chinese Journal of Grassland

基　　金：江苏省自主创新CX(21)2017项目;江苏现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金[JATS(2022)440]项目资助。

摘　　要：为了确定全株小麦作为青贮饲料的适宜收获期及最佳的青贮添加剂配比组合,首先分析了全株小麦开花期、乳熟期、蜡熟期的干物质产量及营养成分含量,综合各生育期全株小麦的各项饲用指标(可消化干物质产量、非结构性碳水化合物含量等),表明蜡熟期是最适宜作为青贮的时期。其次通过添加不同浓度的乳酸菌与糖蜜来研究添加剂配比组合对全株小麦青贮料发酵效果及养分损耗,结果表明同时添加两种添加剂的全株小麦青贮料的饲用品质和发酵品质显著优于只添加其中一种添加剂。两种添加剂配比中,添加乳酸菌浓度较低时(≤0.02‰),糖蜜添加浓度为2%较添加浓度为1%的全株小麦青贮料的饲用品质和发酵品质好;添加乳酸菌浓度较高时(≥0.04‰),糖蜜添加浓度的变化对全株小麦青贮料的饲用品质和发酵品质影响不显著。研究结果可为全株小麦青贮适宜收获期以及乳酸菌与糖蜜配比组合在青贮饲料中应用提供参考。To determine the optimal harvest time and effective silage additive combination for whole wheat silage,dry matter yield and nutrient composition were analyzed at flowering,milk,and wax maturity stages.Based on key feed quality indicators like digestible dry matter yield and non-structural carbohydrate content,the wax-ripening stage emerged as the most suitable harvest window for silage production.Furthermore,the effects of different lactic acid bacteria(LAB)and molasses concentrations on whole wheat silage the fermentation and nutrient losses were investigated.The results showed that the inclusion of both additives significantly improved feed and fermentation quality compared to single-additive treatments.When LAB concentration was low(≤0.02‰),whole wheat silage supplemented with 2%molasses exhibited superior forage and fermentation quality compared to 1%molasses treatment.However,at high LAB concentrations(≥0.04‰),molasses concentration did not significantly affect quality parameters.This study provided valuable insight into the suitable harvest period for whole wheat silage and synergistic effects of LAB and molasses as silage additives.

关 键 词：全株小麦 青贮 收获期 乳酸菌 糖蜜 

分 类 号：S816.53[农业科学—饲料科学]