基于结构光视觉的钢轨廓形测量研究  

Research on Rail Profile Measurement Based on Structured-light Vision

作　　者：贵瑶 GUI Yao(China Railway Materials Technologies Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100071,China)

机构地区：[1]中铁物总技术有限公司,北京100071

出　　处：《高速铁路新材料》2024年第2期1-7,共7页Advanced Materials of High Speed Railway

基　　金：中国国家铁路集团有限公司科技研究开发项目(N2022G011)。

摘　　要：随着铁路技术的发展,接触式测量法因其检测效率相对较低且很难实现钢轨全长定量测量等缺点已经逐渐无法满足铁路高效运营的发展需求。基于结构光视觉测量原理设计了钢轨廓形动态在线检测系统,用于替代人工对钢轨全断面不规则轮廓尺寸进行检测,实现了检测的自动化。经大量现场测试验证,该系统静态条件下钢轨各部分指标最大测量精度偏差在0.15 mm以内,且重复精度在0.02 mm以下,动态条件下定位误差小于10 cm,除个别指标精度偏差较大外,大部分指标测量精度偏差控制在0.15 mm以内。检测结果最终能够形成各种数据报表,可以为实际生产提供数据支撑,及时修正钢轨的生产工艺。With the development of railway technology,the contact measurement method has gradually failed to meet the development needs of efficient railway operation due to its shortcomings such as relatively low detection efficiency and difficulty in achieving quantitative measurement of the full length of the rail.Based on the principle of structured-light vision measurement,a dynamic online detection system for rail profile,which used to replace the manual detection of irregular profile dimensions of the full section of the rail and realizing the detection automatically was designed.Through a large number of field tests,the maximum measuring accuracy deviation of each part of the system was less than 0.15 mm and the repetitive accuracy could reach less than 0.02 mm under static conditions.The positioning error was less than 10 cm and the measurement accuracy deviation of most indicators was controlled within 0.15 mm except for the larger accuracy deviation of little indicators under dynamic conditions.The test results can eventually form a variety of data reports,to provide data support for actual production and timely correct the rail production process.

关 键 词：钢轨 廓形 结构光 三角测距 自动化 

分 类 号：U213.4[交通运输工程—道路与铁道工程]