免疫球蛋白测定和免疫电泳在多发性骨髓瘤的诊断中的临床应用  

Clinical application of immunoglobulin determination and immunoelectrophoresis in the diagnosis of multiple myeloma

作　　者：杨奇 刘旻[1] 张丽翠[1] 马雅静[1] YANG Qi;LIU Min;ZHANG Licui;MA Yajing(The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Shihezi University,Shihezi,Xinjiang,832002,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆石河子大学第一附属医院,新疆石河子832002

出　　处：《新疆医学》2024年第1期61-64,共4页Xinjiang Medical Journal

摘　　要：目的探讨免疫球蛋白定量检测、免疫蛋白电泳和免疫固定电泳在多发性骨髓瘤(MM)诊断中的应用与价值。方法收集在2020年6月-2021年6月期间就诊于本院确诊为MM患者58例血清,检测血清免疫球蛋白定量[IgG,IgA,IgM,κ轻链(kappa light chain)和λ轻链(lambda light chain)],并进行血清蛋白电泳及免疫固定电泳,评价上述检测指标在MM诊断中的临床应用价值。结果58例MM患者中41人经蛋白电泳检测发现存在M蛋白,检出阳性率为70.7%,经免疫固定电泳检测后;54例检测阳性,阳性率93.1%,差异有统计学差异。另外IgG型32例(55.2%)、IgA型8例(13.8%)、IgM型3例(5.1%)、轻链型8例(13.8%),同时相应对类型的免疫球蛋白和轻链增高并伴其它组分免疫球蛋白及轻链降低。结论免疫球蛋白及轻链检测、免疫蛋白电泳是临床初筛多发性骨髓瘤的重要方法,而免疫固定电泳能够快速、准确的对MM进行诊断及分型,可作为MM常规检测方法之一。Objective To explore the application and value of immunoglobulin quantitative detection,immunoprotein electrophoresis and immunofixation electrophoresis in the diagnosis of multiple myeloma(MM).Methods Serum of 58 patients who were diagnosed with MM in our hospital from June 2020 to June 2021 were collected,and the quantification of serum immunoglobulins(IgG,IgA,IgM,kappa light chain)andλlight Chain(lambda light chain)were detected.Serum protein electrophoresis and immunofixation electrophoresis were also performed to evaluate the clinical application value of the above detection indicators in the diagnosis of MM.Results 41 cases of all 58 MM patients were detected to have M protein by protein electrophoresis,and the positive rate was 70.7%.54 cases were positive and the positive rate was 93.1%by immunofixation electrophoresis detection,and the difference was statistically significant.In addition,there were 32 cases of IgG type(55.2%),8 cases of IgA type(13.8%),3 cases of IgM type(5.1%),and 8 cases of light chain type(13.8%).At the same time,the corresponding type of immunoglobulin and light chain were increased and other components of immunoglobulin and light chain are reduced.Conclusion Immunoglobulin and light chain detection,as well as immunoprotein electrophoresis,are important methods for clinical screening of multiple myeloma.Immunofixation electrophoresis can quickly and accurately diagnose and classify MM,and can be used as one of the routine detection methods for MM.

关 键 词：多发性骨髓瘤 免疫蛋白电泳 固定电泳 临床价值 

分 类 号：R733.3[医药卫生—肿瘤]