古代经典名方中方药剂量折算原则考证  

Textual Research on Principle of Dose Conversion in Ancient Famous Classical Formulas

作　　者：张林[1] 唐若水 宋佳[1] 张华敏[2] 傅延龄[1] ZHANG Lin;TANG Ruoshui;SONG Jia;ZHANG Huamin;FU Yanling(Beijing University of Chinese Medicine,Beijing 100029,China;Institute of Basic Theory for Chinese Medicine,China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences,Beijing 100700,China)

机构地区：[1]北京中医药大学,北京100029 [2]中国中医科学院中医基础理论研究所,北京100700

出　　处：《中国实验方剂学杂志》2024年第10期196-202,共7页Chinese Journal of Experimental Traditional Medical Formulae

基　　金：中国中医科学院科技创新工程项目(CI2021A03702);国家社会科学基金项目(21BTQ026);北京市级中医药专家学术经验继承项目;北京中医药大学中医学院任应秋“階墀”基金研究专项(2023-RYQJC-017)。

摘　　要：由于各历史时期度量衡制度及中医临床方药用量的差异,导致了历代方药剂量与折算标准的不同,因此在对经典名方中方药剂量进行折算时,应当遵守传承精华、古为今用、古今衔接、凝聚共识的原则,并首先依据历代度量衡制度对方药剂量作出折算。若折算剂量明显超出2020年版《中华人民共和国药典》的规定,则在保证原方药物用量比例不变的前提下,一方一议,参考专家共识、结合药物安全性评价进行折算;对于以非标准单位计量的药物,则综合文献分析与实物测量给出折算范围。对于服量的折算,以原文为依据,参考不同时代的计量标准进行折算;若原文服量不明确,则依据该方剂的历代演变,参考相关古籍并结合现代应用确定折算服量。最终确定经典名方的折算标准为汉唐时期一两折合今之13.8 g,一升折合今之200 mL;唐代一分折合今之3.45 g;宋金元时期一钱折合今之4.13 g,一盏折合今之300 mL;明清时期一钱折合今之3.73 g,一杯及一盅均折合为今之200 mL。对于以非标准计量单位记录的药物,则需要在综合分析确定其基原的情况下,进行实测以确定其折算标准,必要时,可通过对照成书年代相近的医书中对于功效主治相同或相近的同名方剂药物剂量的不同记载来辅助确定折算标准。通过对古代经典名方中方药剂量折算原则的解析,有助于经典名方的临床应用和成药开发。Due to the difference between the system of weights and measures,and the dosage of clinical prescriptions of traditional Chinese medicine in various historical periods,the dosage and conversion standard of prescriptions in past dynasties are different.Therefore,when discounting the dosage of famous classical formulas,the principles of inheriting the essence,making the past serve the present,linking the past and the present,and forming a consensus should be followed,firstly,the dosage of the prescription was converted according to the weights and measures system of the past dynasties.If the converted dosage significantly exceeds the provisions of the 2020 edition of Chinese Pharmacopoeia,then on the premise of ensuring that the proportion of the original prescription drug dosage remains unchanged,the conversion shall be based on expert consensus and drug safety evaluation.For drugs measured in non-standard units,a conversion range is provided based on comprehensive literature analysis and physical measurements.For the conversion of service volume,the original text was used as the basis for the conversion with reference to the measurement standards of different eras.If the original dosage is not clear,the converted dosage will be determined based on the historical evolution of the formula,referring to relevant ancient books,and combining modern applications.Eventually,the converting standard for famous classical formulas was determined as follows:during the Han and Tang dynasties,one Liang(两)was equivalent to 13.8 g and one Sheng(升)was equivalent to 200 mL,in the Tang dynasty,one Fen(分)was equivalent to 3.45 g,during the Song,Jin and Yuan dynasties,one Qian(钱)was equivalent to 4.13 g and one Zhan(盏)was equivalent to 300 mL,during the Ming and Qing dynasties,one Qian(钱)was equivalent to 3.73 g,and one Bei(杯)and one Zhong(盅)were equivalent to 200 mL.For drugs recorded in non-standard units of measurement,it is necessary to conduct actual measurements to determine their conversion standards based on co

关 键 词：经典名方 方药剂量 煎服法 考证 折算原则 中医药 度量衡 

分 类 号：R22[医药卫生—中医基础理论] R94[医药卫生—中医学] R28[文化科学] Z126